Request for Proposal Essay Example for Free

Request for Proposal EssayIntroduction/General Overview of the RFP The Proposal pull up stakes be aimed at inviting trainers to submit a proposal for the opportwholey to train our staff on the use of Microsoft duty through a competitive and rigorous bidding process. Bidding has proved to be the best way to get the best vendors for this form of pedagogy since it pass on leverage the companys purchasing power and negotiating ability with suppliers (Porter-Roth, 2001). Farmers Insurance host is the company requesting the proposals. The company is looking for trainers to properly train new employees on the use of Microsoft office Applications proficiently which include Word, Excel, and business leader Point Applications. The training testament to a fault require some basic training on software and the computers.Organizational Overview For more than eight decades, Farmers has been helping Americans get back where they belong laterwards lifes unexpected events. Our story bega n with the simple goal of insuring the vehicles of rural farmers, but as the world changed, so did we. Our co-founder John C. Tyler once said, The measure of our worth is not what we digest done for ourselves, but what we have done for others. Farmers agents, district managers and employees shed light on up what we call the Farmers Family, and as a family were proud to conk back to our communities. (Farmers.com)Course Description The course will include the basic training of employees and staff on the use of Microsoft office programs. Before training the employees will take training for the basics on computer software and hardware as well as the basics for computer trading operations such as hardware maintenance and software installation.Requirements for the Project The project is basically gong to involve the training of new consulting agents in the use of Microsoft Office Programs. The requirements for the course are divided in these units.Introduction to Computer Operations T his section will introduce the general operations and concepts in order to make the staff proficient in the use of computers. It will also introduce the staff to general software and hardware.Microsoft Word Proficiency This part of the training will train on the concepts of word processing and finally get into Microsoft Word, which is efficient and effective word processing software. A tutorial may be requisite for the students to follow before and after class. The tutorial will include practice exercises, remedial strategies, as well as revision questions. A clear verbalise system will also be required for the students to properly communicate well with their instructors (Bott, 1996).Microsoft Excel Proficiency In this unit of training the students will choose the concepts of spreadsheet management with an emphasis on Microsoft Excel. It will also include the software for insurance sales management. There will be a number of discernment test and final examination at the end of t he training. There will be a number of practical exercises to help with the mastery of the concepts in the package.Power Point Proficiency This unit of the course will help to equip the students with presentation skills with an emphasis on Microsoft Power Point. The training will include micro-projects for the students to take, which will be aimed at the various aspects of the software. These micro-projects will form the major part of the continuous assessment, with the final examination forming a much smaller percentage (Bott, 1996).scrutiny and Testing At the end of the training the students will be examined and tested on each course to establish their mastery of the program. Although the Power Point unit will require a digital projector for the final examination.Electronic Reference Library The library will serve as a reference after the training has been completed. The library will include a word search capability and hypertext.User Documentation This section will explain and pr ovide development on use and maintenance, applications and programs, and installation. This will be for the maintenance and installation for the application package suite and the operating system.Proposal Submission Deadline All proposals should be true no later than August 1, 2012. Any proposal received after this date will not be considered.Submission Instructions The proposal should also include a technical section and a time cost section. The time cost section should include the vendors time prorogue to have the project completed. The technical section should include information such as required staff, timelines, and schedules to have the project completed.

Women of Jazz Essay Example for Free

Women of Jazz EssayI consultationed a girl that lives close to me. She explained her extravagantly school story to me, involving friends, family, peers, bullies, and boys. The interview was done as if it were only 2 race talk of the town because I didnt want her to feel any pressure. She explained what it was c ar going done puberty by herself, without the help of anyone. How the first two years of high school were and how she disliked it. How afterward she came back from her summer after sophomore year, she had no problems with anyone and explained how she had a boyfriend for a while. The girl I interviewed relates to plenty of topics that were discussed in the class like, self-esteem, peers, popularity, groups, bullies, family and sexuality. I interviewed an adolescent that lived very close to me. She is a senior in High School, getting ready for Prom and every last(predicate) the gambol senior privileges she is able to do. She is a continuous girl going through with (predicate) a regular life in High School. She does well in school, never got in trouble. The way I interviewed her, was not based on a question and answer character of an interview.I listened to what she had to tell me about her life. She talked about friends, family, school, and boys. She started off telling me about how she dealt with going through puberty she said that she went through it alone. When she first received her period, she figured out everything herself without having her moms or doctors help. This shows a intellect of autonomy and how she expressed a sense of independence where she figured out what was going on with her body by using sources like the internet. She then mentioned her struggled with her slant.She told me that she wanted to be skinny like all of the another(prenominal) girls at school, and the women she saw in magazines and T. V. shows. She tried to starve herself to get skinny and ended up in the hospital. She then decided to lose weight more effi ciently by eating healthy and working out. She do social comparisons about herself to the other girls in her high school and the women she idolized in magazines and T. V. shows. She then talked about the first base of high school and how she only had a very few handful of friends, mostly tended to be girls.This is due to The Sex cleavage girls hang out with girls and boys, with boys (Feldman, 2008). But as adolescents get older, hormones kick in and they being to find the paired sex attractive and want to be friends with the opposite sex. She went on talking about the popular kids mostly guys that would make fun of her because she was not part of their clique or not cool enough to be their friends. As an adolescent, friends argon a very important to have. But she had to deal with male that were not trying to be her friend, but were bullies towards her which lowered her self-esteem unconstipated more (Feldman, 2008).They bullied her because she was not popular this type of an ad olescent is referred to as rejected adolescent (Feldman, 2008). A rejected adolescent is someone that has very few friends, doesnt really shut away in social activities and more likely to feel lonely. Bullying is a common experience for many children and adolescents. Surveys indicate that as many as half of all children are bullied at some time during their school years, and at least 10% are bullied on a regular basis (Feldman, 2008). She told me that when she went back to school for her junior year, no body made fun of her.She explained it as if she had blossomed and thats why no one made fun of her. She seemed please when she told me. This type of an adolescent if known to be a popular adolescent, these adolescence have more friends, are liked by most people and dont feel lonely at all due to the fact they have a lot of friends (Feldman, 2008). She hadnt had a problem until her beginning of senior year. There were two rumors that were spread around the high school about her. Thes e two rumors did not affect her she stated while telling the event.Her rude(a) popularity status gave her the confidence boost to not let the rumors affect her and not bring her down. She discovered her identity, and embraced it. She then on went about her family. She grew up in a strict family home were her parents were not born in America, but from Poland like myself. She said that they were very strict with what she could and could not do. She had a strict curfew also, she was basically locked up and was not allowed to do things her friends could do. They were using an Authoritarian parenting style (Feldman, 2008). Their relationship with a child is where the parents word is law.Authoritarian parents do not engage in discussions with their teen and family rules and standards are not debated. But when she turned 18 they gave her more freedom, she was allowed to stay out later, go to parties, and do pretty much what her friends did. This type of parenting style is known as Authori tative, were the parents and somewhat strict, but let the adolescent have a sense of independence (Feldman, 2008). Authoritative parents engage in discussions and debates with their adolescent, although ultimate responsibility reside with the parent (Kroger, 2004).Research demonstrates that adolescents of authoritative parents learn how to negotiate and engage in discussions. They understand that their opinions are valued. As a result, they are more likely to be socially competent, responsible, and autonomous Authoritarian parents believe the adolescent should accept, without question, the rules and practices that they establish (Kroger, 2004). Research reveals that adolescents of authoritarian parents learn that following parental rules and audience to strict discipline is valued over independent behavior.As a result, adolescents may become rebellious or dependent. The adolescence which becomes rebellious might display assertive behaviors. Adolescents who are more submissive tend to remain dependent on their parents (Kroger, 2004). She talked about her friends and how she didnt have any problems with them. She stayed friends with the people that had the same interests as her and hadnt changed her friends throughout high school. She was part of her own crowd that did not do any illegal or violent things to themselves or other people.She went on talking about how other kids were acting, doing drugs, and having sex, drinking alcohol, doing everything they can just to make them seem like their cool doing these adult things. Adolescence always wants to try to be like their peers . During adolescence, they are looking for ways to separate from their families and begin to define themselves as individuals. To define their individualism, they turn to friends for guidance and direction (Kroger, 2004). They tend to mimic their peers behaviors and tax return up the same attitudes.Conforming to social norms helps them redefine themselves while earning them acceptance a nd approval. For adolescence, fitting in to the crown makes them feels good and wanted by someone other than their parents (Kroger, 2004). The final topic which she brought up was her sexuality. She had only one boyfriend, the summer after her sophomore year up until the spring of junior year. She said that they were in shaft and both were happy with one another, but then school got in the way so they broke up. She went through depression and did end up pain in the ass herself.She had her parents to help her through it. She told me that they will always have a special connection whenever their together because they love each other. She had a type of bonding on this boy. She also mentioned that she was also sexually active. She was part of the 80% of adolescence having sex before being 20 years old (Feldman, 2008). She made her way through Sternbergs theory of love up to passion, but didnt reach commitment due to the fact that they broke up. She hadnt mentioned sexual orientation, but made a comment of experimenting at a party once.She also falls into the 10% of girls experimenting with the same sex (Feldman, 2008). From my interview, it showed that an average adolescent does interact with the problems learned in class. She had self-esteem issues, strict parents, being bullied and not fitting in with the popular crowd. From the outside, a stranger would think that there would have been nothing ever price with her, but talking about her made me think if I was the same way during high school. Makes me wonder did I go through the same problems. My interview helped me understand more about adolescence and how they go about their lives as adolescence.

Marketing Philosophy Essay Example for Free

trade Philosophy EssayEfforts of reviewing and modelling market placeplace elements, constructs and philosophical attitudes were numerous and effective. But with new ch eachenges causing hurdles in making merchandise function to a greater extent than effective on macro- and micro- level of the economy, a revision of selling ism is al elans at place. Elements of trade philosophyDibb and Simkin (2004) Lancaster and Reynolds (2005) Blythe (2005) Drummond and Ensor (2005) Morgan (1996) 1. Production taste course 2. Financial orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. market orientation 5. client orientation 6. Competitor orientation 7. Inter operational Coordination 1. Production orientation 2. Sales orientation 3. merchandise orientation 1. Production orientation 2. Product orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Customer orientation 5. Societal trade 6. Relationship Marketing 1. Production orientation 2. Product orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Financial orientation 5. M arketing Orientation 1. Cost philosophy 2. Product philosophy 3. Production philosophy 4. Sales philosophy 5. Erratic philosophy 6. Marketing philosophy 7. Social trade philosophyAs indicated in Table 1, authors tend to use different stipulations for the elements of market philosophy a) orientation (Dibb and Simkin, 2004 Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005 Blythe, 2005 Drummond and Ensor, 2005) b) philosophy (Morgan, 1996)c) judgment (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008).Even the Lithuanian authors, who wrote the runner university apply on marketing, professors Pranulis, Pajuodis, Virvilaite and Urbonavicius (1999, 2000 and 2008) have apply the Lithuanian counterpart word orientation. Following this broad tendency of the term orientation usage, here, in this article, the option of the orientation term will be applied. The re presentlyned American professors Kotler and Armstrong (2008, pp.9-12) indicated that their choice of marketing management orientations were as follows* the convergen ceion conception,* the product concept,* the selling concept,* the marketing concept.* the mixer marketing concept.A correspondent opinion was expressed by a group of Lithuanian marketing professors, where they classified marketing orientations as follows (Pranulis et al., 1999, 2000) a) production orientation, b) product orientation, c) selling orientation, d) marketing orientation e) sociableethical marketing orientation. Because of the difficulty of incorporating all the divers(a) facets of marketing into a single definition, Lancaster and Reynolds (2005) distinguished features of the subject in the following statements (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005, p.16) Marketing is dynamic and operational, requiring action as well as planning. Marketing requires an improved form of blood organisation, although this on its own is non enough. Marketing is an important functional bea of management, often based in a single physical location. More importantly, it is an overall business p hilosophy that should be adopted by everybody in the entire organisation. The marketing concept states that the identification, satiscircumstanceion and retention of customers is the key to long-term survival and prosperity. Marketing involves planning and control. The principle of marketing states that all business decisions should be made with primary consideration of customer requirements. Marketing focusinges attention from production towards the needfully and wants of the market place. Marketing is concerned with obtaining apprize from the market by fling items of value to the market. It does this by producing goods and services that satisfy the genuine involve and wants of detailally defined target markets. The distinguishing feature of a marketing orientated organisation is the way in which it strives to provide customer satisfaction as a way of achieving its own business objectives. The author of the article proposes the following perception on the miscellany of ma rketing orientations, which constitute the marketing philosophy essence1) the production orientation,2) the product orientation,3) the financial orientation,4) the selling orientation,5) the marketing orientation,6) the market orientation (which extends to internal and external orientations),7) the kindly-ethical marketing orientation,8) the holistic marketing orientation (which extends to internal marketing orientation, integrated marketing orientation, social marketing orientation relationship marketing orientation). The holistic marketing concept was proposed by Kotler and Keller (2007) unless it was non mentioned or wider discussed in the textbook of Principles of Marketing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), but introduced in their co-operative book on Marketing Management (2007). For this reason, it is viable to imply this new orientation in the proposed model (Figure 3), as it integrated at least four other sub-orientations a) internal marketing orientation, b) integrated marke ting orientation, c) social marketing orientation and d) relationship marketing orientation.Internal marketing orientation will be directly dealing with a Marketing Department in spite of appearance an organisation. It will directly subordinate to the senior management level and other organisational department, emphasising the organisational culture and micro-climate, suitable for effective work and success factors in marketing performance. coordinated marketing orientation would focus towards integrated marketing communications, the cost-effective selection of marketing channels and integrated development of products and services within the scope, entreat and challenges of the national and international markets.Social marketing orientation would be focusing on the concept of societal marketing proposed by Kotler and Armstrong (2008), where the basic societal marketing triplicity is based on the well-being of the community, incorporating the corporate social accountability of c ompanies and non-profit organisations, legal issues and environsal protection issues, which altogether streamline the sustainable development of the economy and exercise patterns. Relationship marketing orientation would be concerned with fostering the customercompany relationship with consumers, offering value added products and services.This orientation will also foster the company-partner company (B2B) relationship, want trust and reliability in partner selection process and its maintenance for coming years. Therefore, marketing channels should be effectively developed to reduce cost and enhance profitability ratios for all three market participants a) producers, b) distributors and sellers, c) consumers. The market orientation is proposed to be grouped as internal and external orientations. Though Narver and Slater (1990) proposed a model that identified the components of market orientation as Customer orientation, which incorporates customers perceptions and under give birt hing by customers creating value, offering cost-effective solutions to satisfy their needs. Competitor orientation emphasises one of the marketings functions, i.e., to seek competitive advantage in the market. Competitor analysis, performed in variant techniques (e.g. PESTED analysis, Porters forces analysis, Boston matrix analysis, etc.), gives a company tools to objectively evaluate competitors capabilities and results on the market. Organizational culture if analysed on an individual basis could be either included into market orientation factor or in the holistic marketing orientation, depending how integrative the marketing philosophy is on an organisational level.Organisational culture should support customer service and customer relationship development throughemployee performance prism. Interfunctional coordination should focus on the interaction among internal functional areas of the organization which best serve customer need and satisfaction, which in other cases would correspond to the relationship marketing orientation (Kotler and Keller, 2007). Long-term focus would incorporate the consideration of how the above can be sustained, and financially viable, over the long term.In this paper the proposition by Drummond et al (2000) is closer to the authors perception of market orientation, therefore the constituent parts of the market orientation are considered to be the balance betweena) External market orientation customers, competitors and other external stakeholders. b) Internal market orientation employees and other internal stakeholders.Marketing OrientationThe term marketing is used extensively in modern life. If you stop someone in the street and ask them what it means, they will probably use words like advertising, market research and a modern word for selling. In fact, marketing is a lot more than exclusively selling, advertising and research, although all of these functions are important aspects of marketing.The Chartered Lrstitute of Marketing in the UK defines marketing as follows Marketing is the management process which identifies, anticipates, and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably. So what is marketing orientation? In the next sections we shall explore this. start-off we will consider what it means for an organisation to adopt a marketing-based business philosophy. We shall then consider the evolution of the marketing concept and look at how marketing orientation has influenced organizational structures in business.An Overview of a Marketing-based Business PhilosophyThe points below describe marketing and its role in a marketing based business philosophy. We shall then go on to consider a marketing-based philosophy in more detail. * Marketing is a management process, and the support of management for the marketing concept is a key element in its success. Today, a company has to be marketing orientated if it is to be successful. * Marketing is involved with identifying customer requir ements usually with market research. * We have to consider current needs and anticipate the requirements of the customer in the future. This requires planning a very important aspect of the marketing process. The satisfaction of the needs will require the supplier to provide benefits the right market offering at the right place at the right m.* Truly market-driven companies adopt strategic level marketing, where marketing has a key role in defining the long-term objectives and mission of the company. In this way, a strategic framework is established whereby the customer is laid at the centre of the organisations activities. * Marketing is not unspoiled for profit-making companies. Marketing is for any organisation that has customers, and that includes charities and government bodies.Very many selling jobs in fact are in non-profit-making organisations, although very often the people who have those jobs would not think of themselves as salespeople Marketing is a business philos ophy, the process accountable for anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer current and future needs. The marketing philosophy developed out of the need by producer manufacturers, whose focus was on efficient production, to struggle more effectively in their markets.They turned their attention away from mass production at lowest unit cost to try to anticipate the limited needs of customers and produce products/services whose benefits would satisfy those needs. Marketing is sometimes referred to as a pull strategy. The principle is that we understand customer needs and produce products or services, which meet those needs through specific benefits. Customers will want to purchase products or services, which they perceive as meeting their needs and wants.Literature review on marketing challenges in the new millennium The precondition, which fostered to review the challenges for the marketing in the new millennium, was the statements in various forms and shapes, which appeare d during the past decade in text books, social networks, media and social forums. The selection of disturbing statements were selected and presented here for the discussion. The biased perception of marketing functions and orientations at the dawn of the new millennium is not compelling. Traditional (conventional) marketing is envisioned as a dead function, notwithstanding the critics of modern marketing practice.The critics bring up the issues of lost customers, mass marketing and viral marketing. Therefore, a more native change for marketing is at stake towards a more personal touch in the field, as well emphasised by Spellings (2009). Boynett and Boynett (2003) in their book on The Guru Guide to Marketing A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from Todays Top Marketers have also identified a summate of citations, which question the future of marketing and its conventional functionality. It is apparent that marketing is becoming a multi-disciplinary theory, which inevitably incorpo rates postmodern aspects of the markets and intake patterns and consumer behaviour. Selected statements on the death of traditional marketing in the new millennium Authors/sources StatementsBoyett and Boyett (2003, p.1) Death-of-marketing gurus rationalize their hyperbole by explaining that marketing is in the throes of fundamental change. World of DTC Marketing (2008) Conventional marketing is dead Bishop (2009) Marketing is dead long live marketing Attracting consumers in the post-mass marketing era Big Marketing Ideas (2009) The reason we say viral marketing is dead is not because content no longer spreads in the same way quite the contrary. But the idea that you could create a flash game or a funny video and expect it to get a million hits and downloads within a week is now patently nave. Wymore (2009) Forget direct mail, picture advertising, and other mass media marketing. They just dont work anymore. Traditional marketing is dead. In other words, these marketing chestnuts s imply dont stand out in todays noisy media market. Spellings (2009) Mass Marketing is Dead. Make Way For Personal Marketing The days of mass marketing are coming to an end as we enter a new era of personal marketing. Personal marketing will require more work, more preparation, and smarter implementation, but the rewards will be vastly better than the mass marketing approach.Selected marketing challenges in the new millenniumSutton and Klein (2003) Blythe (2005) Kashani (2005) Brown (2008) Kotler and Armstrong (2008) Bishop (2009) Increasing market complexity Accelerating demand for vivify to market Growing need to capture marketing knowledge Increasing availability of innovative marketing technologies Escalating demand for marketing efficiency and military strength Relationship marketing development Service quality enhancement Internet marketing development Marketing ethics Marketing strategy revisited Commoditisation (change in technologies, more informed customer, more intense competition) Consolidation(mergers acquisitions) Power shift Margin erosion Value focus Postmodern challenges Hyperreality Fragmentation Reversed production and consumption Decentred subjects collocation of opposites The new digital age Rapid globalisation The call for more ethics and social responsibility Growth of non-profit marketing Aggressive innovations Building a strong value proposition Engagement and connection to the customer Delivering customer experiences at or above expectationsIt could be generalised that marketing in the twenty- inaugural century presents many new postmodern challenges (see Table 3) shrinking markets, which in effect implies fragmentation and decentralised subjects (Brown, 2008), followed by increasing market complexity (Sutton and Klein, 2003) and market globalisation (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) green issues (Blythe, 2005), more marketing ethics (Blythe, 2005 Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) and social responsibility (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) marketing strategy revisited (Blythe, 2005) through accelerating the demand for marketing efficiency and effectiveness (Sutton and Klein, 2003) and speed to market (Sutton and Klein, 2003), and aggressive innovations (Bishop, 2009) advancements in technologies in the digital age (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), including Internet, commoditisation (Kashani, 2005), communications (Bishop, 2009), internet marketing development (Blythe, 2005), increasing availability of innovative marketing technologies (Sutton and Klein, 2003) net and connection to the customer (Bishop, 2009), through service quality enhancement (Blythe, 2005), delivering customer experiences at or above expectations (Bishop, 2009), rapidly changing public attitudes towards consumption (Sutton and Klein, 2003) mental synthesis a strong value proposition (Bishop, 2009) through growing need to capture marketing knowledge (Sutton and Klein, 2003), power shift (Kashani, 2005) and reversed production and consumption (Brown, 2008).Therefore, marketers are facing the re-evaluation of marketing strategy, applying new tools and sophisticated techniques in the new millennium, where changes are of a constant nature. Ultimately, the firms who take the greatest care of their customers interests are the ones closely likely to maintain their competitive edge in a cut-throat world (Blythe, 2005 p.332). The case of coffee bars applying marketing orientations and marketing challenges in the new millennium. In practice, each company selects business and marketing philosophy which suits it best. The decision depends on the companys type, size, products and services it produces, distributes and sells and etc. In order to apply marketing orientations and marketing challenges to a practical situation, two companies in coffee bars sector a) an international company STARBUCKS (the USA) andb) a national company COFFEE inn (Lithuania).Their briefs and marketing philosophies will be discussed bellow .The case of Starbucks (the USA)Probably one of the most famous brands in the United States and now in the whole world, reflecting the specific lifestyle of the few generations, is definitely Starbucks. Starbucks is the largest coffee-house company in the world, offering a wide range of various coffees, hot and cold coffee and non-coffee drinks, sandwiches and sweet snacks. Founded in 1979, only as a coffee bean retailer Starbucks became a coffee-house selling coffee drinks as well as beans, when its present headmaster Howard Schultz came in and bought the company from its former owners in 1987. Since then, an extraordinary quick expansion in the Unites States, and from 1996 in the whole world, has begun. Now, Starbucks owns approximately 16 000 stores in the world and announces about initiation 900 new stores outside United States in 2009 (on the other hand, Starbucks is closing the same amount of stores in the United States) (www.strabucks.com).It is obvious, that such a well-fa vored success would be impossible without well selected and formulated marketing philosophy. As one of the most innovative companies in the world Starbucks has chosen social-ethical marketing orientation and declares care for the environment and common wealth as well as for people. The main idea of their philosophy is defined in the Starbucks mission statement. Starbucks has two mission statements which are placed in the official companys website To inspire and nurture human spirit one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time and Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business (www.strabucks.com). Social-ethical marketing orientation is getting a trendy buzz word, as environmental and ecological problems are on the increase.Some years ago Starbucks was criticised for wasting resources by using paper and plastic cups, for wasting water and even off funding Israel army (Vitkus, 2009). Now this company is shown as the best example o f environmental friendly business in the business schools around the world. Starbucks announces its corporate social responsibility Annual reports for the public here the company describes their attention to the employees, customers and the environment, manifesting marketing orientation, marketorientation and holistic marketing orientation. They started to use cups from recycled paper or biodegradable plastic. Social responsibility is also emphasised in their coffee-bars design, posters and various promotional campaigns (the integrated marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). jibe to Pranulis et al (2008), the main idea of marketing orientation is to create the circle of loyal clients rather than one-time buyers. Starbucks could be called a champion in this field too. The chairman of Starbucks Howard Schultz explains, that a person gets more than just coffee when he/she visits Starbucks he gets great people, first-rate music and a comfortable and upbeat mee ting place (www.strabucks.com). Thats why people all around the world are willing to pay for coffee more than in other coffee-bars they buy and experience, not a drink (the selling orientation). According to Howard Schultz, Starbucks build personal relationships with each of their customers (this implies the relationship marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation).Even the waiters at Starbucks are called baristas to run them feel exceptional and regal about their workplace, not to feel just simple service workers (internal marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). Another core element of marketing concept (Pranulis et al., 2008, Kotler and Keller, 2007) is to appeal to customers needs. Starbucks does everything to achieve its costumers satisfaction. They were the first who offered free internet at their coffee-bars and started to open the stores 10 minutes before the actual opening time just to make customers always feel welcome and ha ppy.Viral marketing has also become one of the most important features of Starbucks. You can hardly find and advertisement in any newspaper or marketplace, but they build extremely strong relationships by using social networks, internet and mouth-to-mouth marketing, which means Starbucks meets the marketing challenges of a) the digital age, b) value proposition, c) connecting to customers, d) corporate social responsibility, e) green issues and f) overall revised marketing strategy, g) market shrinking factors (as Starbucks was forced to close down 600 coffee-bars in the USA during the economic retardant (Milasius, 2008)). The case of coffee bean guild (Lithuania)The other company selected for a comparative study is a national company, located only in Lithuania. Coffee gild is a coffee-bars chain opened a few years ago in Vilnius, the capital city of the country. Started from just one coffee-bar, Coffee Inn now owns 7 coffee-bars in Vilnius and one in Kaunas in 2007 (Vaitiekunien e, 2007). At first, Coffee Inn came into the market with the same concept as Starbucks did. It sells coffee and various coffee drinks, served in paper cups, sandwiches and desserts in small, cosy coffee-bars, located in the city centre. The main difference between Starbucks and Coffee Inn is that Starbucks is a big global company (the globalisation challenge) and can afford applying social-ethical marketing orientation, while Coffee Inn is still too small to afford huge investments for various socialprojects and campaigns and it has chosen the marketing orientation.However, Coffee Inn expands constantly, therefore, sooner or later this company will also apply social-ethical marketing oreintation (now Coffee Inn supports various cultural festivals, such as cultural night Tebnie naktis, or Street music day, not financially, but by helping to promote them, or by prolonging their opening hours during these festivals). The main idea, the co-owner of Coffee Inn Nidas Kiuberis explains, is that they sell a feeling of pleasure rather than just a cup of coffee (Obcarskaite, 2009). It seems extremely similar to Starbucks idea. The waiters are called baristas too, Coffee Inn also offers free internet access and their menu is quite similar to Starbucks one. Lithuanians sometimes even claim that Coffee Inn tries to copy Starbucks.On the other hand, there are a lot of cafeterias offering similar facilities (e.g., Vero Cafe, Double Coffee and etc.), and Coffee Inn is not an exception. However, Coffee Inn is a lot smaller as coffee-bars chain than Starbucks and for this reason it is much easier to control it. Being small enables Coffee Inn to be more flexible and to react to customers demands and wants quicker and to create new demands and wants at the same time (marketing orientation). Coffee Inn constantly offers new drinks, snacks and other features (product orientation). They were one of the first who invited customers to come together with their pets, set free book colle ction and invited everyone to come to read or to donate a book (the communication challenge).While talking about customers loyalty, new technologies play an important part here too (the technological challenge) Coffee Inn keeps exceptionally close relationships with its customers using Facebook social network, written material the blog and honestly replying to all the letters and comments. The co-owner Nidas Kiuberis maintains the Coffee Inn blog himself this is very important, as customers notice, that director of the company itself pays attention to their opinion (Milasius, 2008).Nidas Kiuberis explains, they are following guerilla marketing ideas, because it is the best solution for a small business without large budget, where creativity and energy are the most important things (Obcarskaite, 2009). Viral marketing and personal blog writing costs nothing and gives better results, than advertisement on TV your loyalty for customers loyalty, these are the things every company see ks, especially in a crisis time (Obcarskaite, 2009). As a result, Coffee Inn has created a steady circle of loyal customers, who are indifferent to similar competitors, such as Vero Cafe, offers.The Evolution of the Marketing ConceptMarketing is basically about anticipating and serving customer needs, but where does the concept come from? In fact, even though the term marketing quite modern, the idea of customer orientation is as old as trade itself. For example, if we looked at a pre-Industrial Revolution village, we would see a tally of trades-people such as the blacksmith at work. These people provided the villagers with what they wanted. There was no question of producing large volumes of goods and assuming that people would take them. Everything was made to order the customer had needs and the supplier met them.ConclusionsIn the changing market environment with changing customer behaviour and seeking business opportunities, companies face marketing challenges on a workaday b asis. In the process of theoretical research, a modified model of marketing orientations, which form the marketing philosophy, was proposed, comprising eight major orientations, where market orientation and the holistic marketing orientation are split into further sub-orientations.The other task for the author was to review and structure marketing challenges in the new millennium and test these issues in two cases of coffee-bars sector on international (Starbucks) and national (Coffee Inn in Lithuania) markets. Starbucks and Coffee Inn both follow similar marketing orientations. Starbucks follows social-ethical marketing orientation as a basis of business, while Coffee Inn is being still guided by the marketing orientation.Both companies sell an experience, rather than just coffee and image is very important for the customers of these companies as they are mainly young people (20-40 years of age, Miksys, 2008). Both companies use viral marketing techniques, though Coffee Inn can cre ate closer relationships with its customers, because it is able to react to changes quicker. Loyal customers could be called the biggest strength and competitive advantage of these companies as they do not compete on price, just by creating exceptional atmosphere.

Examining The Aspects Of Social Work Practices Social Work Essay

Examining The Aspects Of Social Work Practices Social Work EssayThe aspect of hearty run low bore I spirit most difficult to actualize is the gerontological social take in. This paper would firstly describe the context of social work practice with old stack. After that, I would exam the reasons pr compensateting me from effectively conducting helping process by evaluating my attitudes, emotions and experiences as well as by reviewing professional literature on social work practice with old hatful. In the end, I will shape a soulfulnessal plan on how to address this impuissance in the future.There is a universal folk saying that everyone wishes to live a good long life, alone no one wishes for old age. Although in most every helping process attempt, social workers bring their aver emotional or cognitive influences to intervention, I feel especially difficult to perform in the interventions circularizeing with old pornographics.With the development of medical and health care and with the baby boomer generations entering into their old years, the agedness of population in the twenty-first atomic number 6 has become increasingly concerned by more and more people. In responding to the drastic transformation of social institutions such as elderly social supporter and health-care system, the social work practice with old people turns out into one of the most popular social work aspect today.Apart from the well-kn stimulate nursing homes and hospital, there are other settings for gerontological social work as well. Geriatric care management, community social service agencies, adult day health care, legal serviceshome health-care agencies , macro settings for gerontological social workers and community planning also play their active roles in serving the senior(a) adult in a variety of ways.The gerontologiacal social work, which inquires high level of self-awareness, commitment and professional skills, is any(prenominal)how a complex mission for u s to carry. numerous social workers admit that social work practice with old people is both challenged and exciting for the reason that, at one hand, it reminds of feelings roughly death, senescence of our family and ones take attitudes toward helping the disadvantaged and vulnerable old adults on the other hand, it also presents joys and delightful pictures and names us think more about ourselves.Root of difficulty inspection own personal factorsAmong all the factors that influence my ability to perform this particular area, the subtle effects of my social and personal massages and the counter-transference feelings of old people would be matters of of import signifi shadowerce. Furthermore, I also affected by my characteristics and cognition to certain kind of old people.Stereotypes. When I was a child I always heard people saying that old people are vulnerable and unavoidableness help, and older adults are less valuable as human beings because they have to rely on their chi ldren. At home, I was asked to behave properly and not offend grandparents otherwise I would get scolds and punishment. While at school, I was required to help older people for that they have trouble getting around. These stereotypes toward elderly are usually negative for me and imply an attitude or unintentional message that old people are hard to take care of, stubborn, old-fashioned and unpleasant.Consequently, I always feel that I cannot handle the kind with older people well and they will not like me. I feel uncomfortable in front of many of my eldership because I do not know how to keep conversations going with my deplorable eloquence and interpersonal skills. Even though I understand ageism is a destructive social justification when I grow older, I hush cannot change the comments I once made on aging and I am a little bit afraid of old people to some extent.Personal emotion factors. I am by nature a sentimental and emotional person from an early age. My grandma passed awa y when I was in primary school. She left me even before seeing my admission into university and engagement with my fianc. I always think that if she could see these, she would be very pleased and also, I would be the most delight person in the world. She always lived a difficult life when she was young and did not enjoy much in her young years. Sometimes all my family members would feel guilty for missing the chance to treat her well before she left us.As a consequence, when facing the dying older people, especially female elderly suffered from chronic disease or cancer, I inevitably feel urgent to save them and so scared to face the rightfulness that they will eventually die someday. I doubt myself about what I can do for them and I am so scared that they will furnish me before I can do any occasion right or helpful. In fact, that is one of the most difficult challenges in social work practice for me. authoritative understanding of old people. As a social worker, I appreciate th at getting old does not inevitably mean the divergence of intelligence, memory and cognitive functioning. I also understand that developing a level of understanding is necessary from a social worker standpoint, and it helps me to anticipate client needs and perform an ongoing self-critique in order to improve and grow my helping process. However, many times I feel I am not able to unfeignedly understand them and consider things from their perspective of views as I never experienced true aging. some decisions I made somehow reflect my own intelligence of the situation such as to decide whether an old adult should stay in own home or hospital, or to conclude that an older person is showing poor judgment about financial decisions. Furthermore, it would be even harder to perform my role as a social worker when a balance wheel between the opinions of the older adult himself, his family and the social worker need to be actiond. This obstacle prevents me from behaving more successful ly at building a sustainable relationship with elderly clients and I simply do the work and move on.When everything needs more time and patience. With the tight time schedule and many objectives to be accomplish, sometimes a social worker needs to be in a hurry to push on the intervention process. And some other times even if I have explained many times, it is still necessary to have extended periods describing complicated appointments to older clients. I always tend to speed it up although in that case, in order to attain my goal I should slow down to give them more time to think about the process. Lack of patience would be another problem preventing me from effectively working with elderly or even almost every aspect of social work practice.Reviewing the professional literatureMany social workers admit that, even though both meaningful and satisfactory, working with elderly people can need a high level of self-awareness and self-discipline. The justness that everyone must eventua lly face the developmental stage of aging and death for themselves and their families may contri exactlye to the anxiety and complexity of the helping process, as social work practice in the aspects of domestic violence or drug abuse may not personally affect worker. This can impact workers with older clients on both a conscious and subconscious level.Ageism and Death Anxiety. In most cultures around the world, particularly the Chinese culture, people feel uncomfortable when deal with death or anything related to death. From an early age, children are asked to avoid to talking death and dying, and to replace the word death with phrases such as passed on, or bygone on to another world. Therefore, the social workers dealt with older people may require more self-control and comfort on the acknowledging the real pain caused by the loss of human life of family and friends.The anxiety of aging and dying process on ones own work, combined with generally indisposed experiences about the pr oximity of death touch older adults, bring about some social workers avoiding work with the aging. According to the Hong Kong Social Workers Registration Broads data gathered from its members about their areas of practice, despite older adults make up about 12.8 percent of Hong Kong population, less than 6 percent of social worker identify gerontological social work as their field of practice, which compared to near 30 percent for mental health.Countertransference. The reactions, real, and unreal, to a certain individual can occur irrespective of origin and can be based on ones own past or present experiences or characteristics. Counter transference can be described as social workers reactions involve feelings, wishes, and unconscious defensive patterns onto the client. In the professional relationship with old people, a social worker may place negative feelings or dislikes of older persons onto the client, which restrict his willingness (no matter consciously or unconsciously) to continue investigating and result in impatience or intolerance of the aging. On the other side, old clients who evoke images from ones past such as parents, grandparents or other elderly family members can make process even more arduous to advance as a result of destructive sympathy and the need to save an older person.The Independence/ dependence fight. Old people want to maintain their independence to make decisions while the social worker commits to promote self-determination and dignity of the individual. But things are not that simple. When an elderly claims for increasingly supporting service and experiences growing difficulties to maintain independence on his own, it will be confrontational to live up to the elderly expectations.McInnis-Dittrich (2008) states A worker can appreciate the desperate efforts on the part of an older adult to stay in his or her own home. Yet when an older adult is struggling with stairs or a deteriorating neighborhood, and difficulties in complet ing the simple activities of daily living challenge the feasibleness of that effort, professional and personal dilemmas abound. This is a good example to understand that sustaining independence in the gerontological social work is a critical goal which has no simple good answer.Private functions become public business. Discussing the topic such as an old womans bladder and bowel functions or an older mans maintaining an erection or urinating with clients may cause awkward and uncomfortable resistance when social workers and other helping professional get involved. Therefore, sometimes it is important to be sensitive to the deep personal nature when social workers try to acquire necessary comprehension of an older adults health conditions. A better understanding of interpersonal skills and psychosocial adjustment to aging would be helpful and essential.Personal plan to address this weaknessOvercome stereotype influenceFirst of all, I hope that from now on I will pay more attention t o those featuring active, healthy, productive, and successful older persons so that I will develop a balanced understanding about aging and elderly. Aging is not painful and debilitating. Many wise, gracious, and humorous elderly have made admirable contribution to the world and have shown remarkable strength to achieve a positive as well as enthusiastic life.Secondly, another important thing for me is to keep the lines of communication open with older adults. If I can open my heart to communicate, they will share more with me. The stronger relationship between us will help me cope better with the stereotype challenges.Last but not least, in my future helping process I will often ask myself does it reinforce stereotypes again? I should start from every thing in daily life to alter the attitude that hinders my ability to face the normal changes of aging. Make a change in attitude is not easy, but I will try my best to drive myself on the right direction.Awareness and IntrospectionAwa reness of the emotional influence is the first and the essential mark to solve my problem. How well do I manage my own anxiety with this clients situations should be my first concern. I will always remind myself that do not be affected by my experience and differentiate my experience of losing a family member from the intervention my client. That will help me to distinguish between the older peoples need and my own need and, to remain focused on the clients need.Furthermore, I could seek help from colleagues and supervisors as well. By discussing the situations with them, I can expose and explore my own feelings and get advices in order to effectively facilitate help process.To truly understand elderlyAbove all, I will try to get in touch more with old people to truly feel their emotional and cognitive problems, as well as to open my heart and listen to them. mayhap I can join them more in their music, art activities in communities. Aging does not necessarily mean the loss of memor y and cognitive capacities, and I will try to explain the information in a variety of ways so that we can build understanding relationship.Moreover, reading more books about the psychological problems of the elderly would be really useful to analyze their psychological changes and behavior patterns. Equipped with a better look at the findings from professional social workers, I will more effectively comprehend the aging process the distinguishing features of elderly.Finally, I should learn from experienced social workers to get more suggestions when I feel difficult to continue. For one thing, they can improve my ways of carrying intervention by pointing out my mistakes. For another, they can help me understand and get the most from their strength and weakness by providing convenient and professional advice.

Dexter Opening Sequence | Analysis

Dexter Opening Sequence AnalysisIn this as cosmossion ho recitationment, I analyse Dexters fountain sequence by employing semiotic tools and study the intended nitty-gritty in the polysemic signs which linchpin to the inexplicit railroad ties in the narrative body structure of this generic school text edition.I have opted to carry out a semiotic analysis of Dexters fountain credits that airs on premium cable, Showtime. In order to develop an unequivocal semiotic analysis, the meaning of the terms and different aspects of semiology must be make clear. There is a set of analytical tools used to examine a media text such as a sign, a mannequin and a signified, iconic, indexical, emblemic, polysemic, intertexuality, codes, personas and syntagms. semiotics is the study of how signs make meaning while a sign could be anything that represents manything else. The signifier is the sign itself and the signified refers to the mental concept. Iconic describes a sign which resembl es the signified whereas Symbolic refers to a sign which does not resemble the signified but is pudepose conventional. Indexical represents a sign which is innately connected in some way to the signified. Paradigm refers to a set of signs that ar put together to induce meaning. Syntagm, on the opposite hand, is the term used to describe the construction of a sequence of signs in a incident relationship to one another. A media text containing many meanings is known as polysemia and its existence in relation to other media texts is called intertexuality. Now it is feasible to delve into the semiotic analyses of Dexters opening sequence as the basic terms of the semiotics are comprehensible.One of Barthes arguments in Rhetoric of the get a line is that all images are polysemous they imply, underlying their signifiers, a floating chain of signifieds, the reader able to choose some and ignore others (1977, p.32-55). The narrative structure of the opening is filled with polysemic code s where the paradigm of signs are combined to show a man going through his morning moment, the interpretation of the coded message actually convey a different meaning depending on the analysis of the syntagmatic relations of the signifiers. The signifiers not only represent their denotation but to a fault contain malicious paladin connotations leading the audience to an entirely different signifieds or notion of discernment based on their construal.The genre is the crime and suspense drama series as the use of verbal rhetoric and paradigm is particular of this type of generic text. The title scene of Dexter is a complex combination of signs where every piece is signifying the message of murder. This view is supported by Fiske (1990, p.40) who states The conveyance of messages takes place through the development and use of codes, the form and existence that these take depends on the society and assimilation within which they operate. The blood drops are an indexical sign which ha s connotation of murder. The title Dexter is an iconic linguistic sign written with blood stains spewed across it. The authorship is indicative of murder and crime, using the Soda Script font in red which is yet another signifier. It contains connotative value as its signifieds are risk of infection and devil that is usually depicted as coloured red and wearing a red costume in both iconography and popular culture. Further association of the red colour sign connotes to the phrase caught red-handed, meaning either caught in an act of crime or caught with the blood of murder still on ones hands. It also sets a tone of violence which could be interpreted as a significant characteristic of the show. By deciphering these codes we can construe the intended meaning of the media text. In regards to coded messages Robert Innis (1986, HYPERLINK http//www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem13.htmlInnis_1986p.88) writes that an articulated code has a vocabulary of basic units together with sy ntactical rules which can be used to generate larger meaningful combinations.The very offshoot shot in the opening scene shows a mosquito sucking blood out of the mans arm that he then slaps and kills. The mosquito is a signifier and signified is it sucks blood. It denotes to the smasher that killing a mosquito is good. The clam up up facial expression of the man is a presentational code after he kills the mosquito a subsequent content smile spreads on his face. When you interpret the coded message beingness used you get a connotative implication that this is a man who likes killing or that is how he starts his daily routine. The narrative structure of the text also employs syntagmatic value by the linking of signs from paradigm sets for an intended meaning. The one scene shows the man using a dental floss which is a signifier and its denotive of removing food and dental plaque from teeth. He wraps it around his fingers tightly that we can see the fingers areas turn exsanguin e which connotes to his use of strength and force. In the next shot we see a termination up of his neck which consists of syntagmatic relationship signifying connotative aspect if we comparison it with preceding and following shots. Subsequently the next coded message is a close up shot showing a rope swaddled around the hands that is being pulled making the blood rush to the sides and turning the area around the ropes on his hands turn white. These syntagmatic signs consist of coded message and rely on the intertextuality of the text. Kristeva referred to texts in terms of two axes a horizontal axis connecting the author and reader of a text, and a vertical axis, which connects the text to other texts (1980, p.69). The interpretations of the meaning of these juxtaposed coded signs rely on the readers previous experience of seeing strangulation scenes in other texts. After examination and coalesces of the signifiers and signifieds in the following shots, its denotative of a man d istinctly tying his shoes in the morning.The aesthetic codes and conventions used to show a close up shot of a grapefruit being sliced contains polysemic signs. The paradigm method in which the slow motion and graphic slicing of the grapefruit splatters the juice is denotative but also operates indexically indicative of blood spatter at a connotative level. The extreme close up shot of the grapefruit is a sign which resembles distorted flesh. The close up scene of opening the waste null with force making a fist and the shot of his biceps are metonyms of his vindictive personality which signifies his use of force, strength and power. There is an extreme close up shot of slicing of the meat which is still wrapped in a plastic bag connotes to a corpse in a bag. In this context, signifiers not only represent denotation but also carry connotation leading the audience to different signifieds.The visual rhetoric of the man when he is tone at himself through the mirror is a blurred close up shot which is an artifice of connotation. With regard to media artefacts Long and Wall (2009, p.40) stated that a text is manufactured or constructed out of elements of language and existing meanings. The deliberate blurring of his reflection on the mirror presents us with a constructed signifier. The blur is a symbolic sign which distorts the vision, making it harder to identify anything or anyone. The blur could signify the mans secrete persona as his facial features are obscured. Furthermore, it connotes to the implication that he is hiding a unappeasable secret or his true self and does not want to be perceptible. Serial killers are invisible they look like anyone else is, they could be anyone else.At the denotative level of the syntagmatic structure of the scenes we see the man simply putting a white t-shirt on, however, these coded signifiers also anchor to the connotative signified. The codes and conventions employed anchor to the intended meaning thus exhibit possible po lysemia of the signs. The polysemic visual signifier is a symbolic close up shot of the mans face where he is pulling the t-shirt tightly over his head which provides anchorage to the connotative association of a bag over a suffocation victim. The conventions used to provide a connotational framework at this echelon is a cultural code. The big close up shot of his face is an indexical sign and denotative of him trying to whatsis his breath and reinforces the polysemic connotation of suffocation. The polysemic analysis of the contours of his face emerging from behind the stretching fabric could be interpreted as him being the victim or his close connection with the murder or crime. The purposely use of the signs has connotative implications that he could be a victim or he could be a barbarous and predator who commits the murders. At a mythic level we understand this sign as activating the myth of murderers Most killers lead lives that appear normal to anyone in the general public. Connotatively, the semiotic analysis of these coded signs interpret the simple relatable morning rituals of the man who takes pleasure in cutting into objects and cooking things that could have been alive signify the divert he gets in killing living and non-living things e.g mosquito, fruit, meat. The narrative structure of this text is a superb paradigm composition of signifiers and signifieds that has polysemic signs which once decoded connotes to menacing and destructive meaning.The rhetorical manner in which he holds his neck in the shaving scene is a symbolic sign containing coded message of strangulation. The drops of blood from the shaving accident are signifiers and the implication of murder is signified. Subsequent combining of signifiers and signifieds in a sequential close up shots denotes to a man eating an omelette which also anchors to the connotative meaning of the signifiers. The razor-sharp knife he uses to slice the omelette is a signifier. Even the dumb colour of the sharp knife is a coded signifier. We can interpret the polysemic meaning of the metaphorical sign of knife taking into account that it is not a bread knife which is generally used. The knife symbolises murder and the colour black stands for death, enigma, and pain. The red liquid is a signifier and the ketchup is signified. However, employing analytical tools of semiology we can interpret the connotative meaning of calculated use of the fluid to represent blood. The use of ketchup instead of mayonnaise or sauce is a premeditated sign. The signs have connotation of obsession with blood of the main character of the show which signifies that he could be a killer or he is closely associated with the blood and criminal activities. Moreover the analysis of indexical sign of blood epitomise the symbol of life or of taking it.The close up shot towards the end is a signifier where we get to see the clear view of Dexters face for the introductory time which abstracts him from the cont ext and places the main focus on his face and presentational rhetoric of the text. The facial expression on his face is denotative and also connotes to a disturbing underlining meaning as he looks us in the eye. The shot lingers for just a little too long which provokes uncomfortable and agitated chemical reaction and connotes that the man is hiding a dark secret. The suggestive sly smile spreads on his face that connotes his devious, vicious and cunning personality traits. It also connotes to the ability of the man to present himself as a normal face to the world but underneath he knows he is hiding his true nature from the world.The most prevalent nonliteral sound to accentuate character personality or emotion is symphony. (Sonnenschein 2001). In this generic text, the presentational rhetoric is employed in encoding the non-diegetic music to convey the connotative meaning of playfulness and ominous. The music and digenetic sound evoke emotional and dramatic reaction through a co mbination of its elements rhythm, melody, chords and instrumentation. The music signifier contains sassy and sinister horns that punctuate the visual signs in the paradigmatic narrative structure to direct our attention and induce particular meaning. For example the blood drops falling on the sink which connotes to a more sinister meaning in this context. This clearly relates to the Saussurean analytical division of the sign into a sound-image (signifier) and the mood of the generic text is signified. This notion is further supported by Cook (1998, p.8) who writes By working with the image the sound seeks to explain the events, emotions and meaning, to transfer its clarity of meaning to the other. The diegetic environmental sounds concern in accentuating the actions of the character and anchor to the connotative meaning of the signifiers. The music and sound are very successful in providing a multi-accentuate meaning to the text which connotes to the menacing, sinister, shadowy a nd ambiguous characteristics of the man and the generic text.Gibbs (2002, p.82) articulates Mise-en-scne enables you to anchor your understanding of a film In this text mise-en-scne of the narrative structure of lighting, actor, cinematography and television camera makes possible a series of suggestive meanings. The careful use of paradigm and syntagm in the narration abet us to decode the connotative association and experience nonliteral meaning as well as literary one. The paradigm use of graphic and gritty nature of close up shots in the entire narrative anchors to the connotation of intimacy, closeness, asphyxiatation, leaving no room for the viewer to breath. With regard to Close-Up shot frames Munsterberg (1970, p.33) writes The close-up heightens the vividness of that on which our mind is concentrating on. Editing, extreme CU frames, lighting, sound, and speeding of the images reveal polysemia with notion of perception. Every signifier is polysemic, emotionally poignant and revealing. The indication of fear, concealment and murder is the ultimate goal of each scene.The intensity, saturation, hue and depth of work play a significant role in the syntagmatic structure of the text anchoring to dark, mysterious, fiend mood. The enhancement of the colour red directs our attention on this particular element of the composition and also connotes to a more sinister meaning. The long shot of the man when he is leaving is a sign and alteration in the tone of the light also has polysemic meaning as it renders our own notion of vision (and judgement) as unreliable or at least questionable. The purpose of the revision in the lighting signifies that the man leads a double life or he has two personalities. When he is alone in his room he is himself as the tone of colours are saturated presenting a darker and baleful disposition of the man. But once he is outside the use of cheerful morning lurid colours reinforces the connotation of the man leading a double life an d keeping a secret. The nod he gives to the camera or audience is a sign which signify his acknowledgement that we know his secret. The question arises that if he is portrayed as an antihero seeing that he is the main character of the show and has connotation of close associated of blood and murder. It also fortifies the myth of killers that the murderers could be anyone at all and are quite indistinguishable from ordinary people as we see the narrative structure following the man doing daily rituals with polysemic relationship. (Cameron Elizabeth 1987)The rich use of symbolic metonymies in the narrative structure to clear malevolent connotations out of a denotatively peaceful routine which we can all relate to makes this media text fascinating to analyse semiotically. The codes and conventions used in the rhetoric construe syntagmic relationship which instantly conveys one sign or denotation to the audience but semiotic analysis of these signs decipher the true intended meaning. At the connotation level all the visual symbols are interacting to create a sinister, darker, destructive notion of perception which insinuates murder.REFERENCESBarthes, Roland (1977), The Rhetoric of the Image in Heath, Stephen (Trans) Image, Music, Text. New York Hill and Wang. pp. 32-51Innis, Robert E. (1986), Semiotics An Introductory Reade. London Hutchinson. pp. 88Kristeva, Julia (1980), Desire in Language A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. New York Columbia University Press. pp.69Long, Paul and Wall, Tim (2009), Media Studies Texts, Production and Context. England Longman. pp. 40Sonnenschein, David (2001), big(a) Design The Expressive Power Of Music,Voice and Sound Effects in Cinema. USA Michael Wiese. pp. 178Saussure, Ferdinand de (1974), Course in General Linguistics. London Fontana. pp. 128Cook, Nicholas (1998), Analysing Musical Multimedia. London Oxford University Press. pp.8Gibbs, John (2002), Mise-en-scneFilm Style And Interpretation. London wallflower Press. pp.82Munsterberg, Hugo (1970), The Film A Psychological Study. New York Dover Publications. pp.33Cameron, Deborah and Frazer, Elizabeth (1987), The Lust To Kill. Cambridge Polity Press. pp.158

Human Implanted Microchip Authentication System

Human Implanted potato silicon chip Authentication System microprocessor chip implantation as an authenticating technology, as well as covers authorization and access control, is gaining much concerns nowadays. This paper introduced some aspects of Radio Frequency denomination (RFID) technology. We took a look at the properties and functionalities of implanted microchip authentication dodgings and problems could demote if strong-armly, financially or technically varied upon circumstance. Lastly we compared implanted microchip with fingerprints, iris skim off, and tokens as a measure of authentication.T fitted of contentIntroductionMicrochip authentication system propertiesBackgroundWhat is microchip implantationdefinition, and how it authenticateswhat are the properties and functions of human race microchip authentication systemBriefly describeEstablishment of the system, fashions of injection and manufacturer.Implementation- how the system works, with respect to authentica tion, authorization, privacy/ information transmission control, and federationDevelopment how it developed from the past and the analysis of the current market, develop /future tr termination and limitation/altercate (cost effective, public acknowledge, privacy control), maintenance, feedback reporting, issue broughtComparison with new(prenominal)s,advantages, weakness Problems solutionSecurity(something you exact and something you are), convenience, reliability, fast, information tracking, easily carryPhysical/ medical, healthTechnical support phylogenesisEthical, public acknowledgeLegislationEnergy source/ replacementPrivacy /info transmission control, film/write, trackingConclusionReferenceIntroductionMicrochip implantation as a method of identification has drew a lot of attention in recent days. As the need for more than plug away and efficient authentication device is emphasized, microchip implantation is becoming very competitive and controversial. Further study in R adio Frequency Identification (RFID) with human microchip implantation proves that authenticating an identity without carrying around anything you adjudge or remembering something you might forget is very convenient. Such preposterous technology cannot be duplicated or forged easily, which devils authenticating processes secure and fast RFID had been used to identify Allied airplanes dated back to World War II. From then on, tracking animals or even items through and through the supply chain nowadays becomes more commonly used. However, when the technology is extended to humans, huge amount of applications could be developed since microchips have the capability to find mazed tidy sum, or to determine illegal immigrants or criminals.Although microchips could accomplish the demand for authentication perfectly when carrying and identifying, it did not have a significant way of managing selected information. Problems and potential threats could besides happen if physically, financ ially or technically varied upon circumstance. The control of information it stores, technical support and demanding equipment of the chip, moreover, moral and legislation enhancement has been brought up. However, there are more potential benefits associated as a controversial technology. This paper mainly discusses authentication system developed by human implanted RFID microchip, in comparisons with some other authentications, and further researches on identity and access management of microchips are presented.BackgroundHuman microchip implant is a form of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag encased in silicate glass with a size of a grain of rice and injected into humans frame(Figure 1). Usually a subdermal implant involves a unique 16-digit ID number and directs to the information that stored in an external database. The first reported implantation was used to open doors, switch on lights and similar tests in 1998. Some years later in 2004, VeriChip Corporation officially got the approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for medical uses in humans. They changed the name of the company to be Positive ID Corporation in 2009, and named the implantable chip to be VeriChip(Microchip implant (human),2010).Figure 1The core of implantable chip is RFID tag, which consists of a microchip with identification autographs and an antenna attached to it. Data stored on the chip can be transmitted through the wireless antenna, and can be scanned at varying distances with special reader devices that ope come ins the same frequency as the chip. antithetical companies run their systems on different frequencies anywhere in a hurl of 125 KHz to 915 MHz. Although it makes each other unreadable if the readers have different frequencies, it whitethorn not be a problem in the future. As passive emitters have no onboard battery, they send signals only when a reader powers them within a certain range, usually a few feet at most(e.g. 30 feet). Active emitters with internal power can have more than a hundred feet of range but require higher expanses. Depending on the manufacturers, chips could store certain amount of data such as name, address, and biometric data deal fingerprint and other documents close to the person who carries the RFID tag(Kim Zetter, 2005).ImplementationElaine M. Ramesh(N.D.) said in the article Time Enough? Consequences of Human Microchip Implantation, microchips could have three readability modes read only, read-write and read-write with tracking capabilities. She indicates that read only character was not new, and it was thought to be used as an national identification card, and to reduce illegal immigrants. Another form of implanting microchip was to the tooth of a human, and simply scanning the teeth would identify someone. Read-write devices carry information that could be expanded if needed. This type of information is variable and programmable within a distance. For example, it could be modified without re moving the implanted chip from human body, and stores large amount of data when required, even financial transactions, and credit card records. Criminal records might be particularly authorized for some companies when one were to apply for a job, this individual could be quickly scanned to view his background. Where this could also to replace the highway toll system with one scan, a bill will be posted to drivers account. in that respectfore, read-write type of microchip satisfies many commercial and governmental needs. Tracking is then executable when a read-write device emitted a radio signal. With the implanted microchip, by dialing up the correct signal will be able to track down a certain mobile identity.A special scanner is applied to read the unique identification code in the microchip in infirmarys sot that medical person could input the code into database to get records for a patient in this most time-saving way especially when the patient is unable to communicate. For se curity uses, implanted chips can be act as an electronic key to gain highly sensitive accesses or to unlock a car with a wave of the hand or even contactless defrayment could be achieved(Legislative Briefs, 2006).RFID signals including all personal privacies like medical history and location can be encrypted, but hosts may be subject to compromise if the RFID database is cracked.. There are a lot of problems microchips potentially have, one problem is that ones privacy could be severely exposed while scanning damage to human body when physically under pressure as the chip is planted beneath the skin battery goes flat or hardware upgrading needs replacement.In term of health concerns, some risks of VeriChip reported by FDA were stated in the Legislative Briefs(2006) adverse tissue reaction, migration of implanted transponder, electromagnetic interference, electrical hazards, and magnetic resonance visualise incompatibility. Kevin Bonsor and Candace Keener(2007) shows that in 1996, implants could cause cancerous tumors that affect body tissue in lab rats and mice. Although no further approval that cancer may appear on other animals, it still too risky to determine the positive effects on humans.We found that although microchips could accomplish the demand for authentication perfectly when carrying and identifying, it did not have a significant way of managing selected information. The secret information of the microchip carriers could exposed to unrelated person that works in between the organizations. VeriChip then developed annual fees depending on how much information you would like to store in the database, in addition to a one-time implantation fee(Kevin Bonsor and Candace Keener, 2007).Elaine M. Ramesh(N.D.)claims that in time microchip implantation would be mandatory although it is now a voluntary system. For sure, an argument of even having driver licence for everyone is not forced, how microchip implantation could overcome the barrier of religious an d civilized liberty for some people. Elaine quoted from Justice Cardozo that every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be do with his own body. However, after the public knowing its advantages, implantation would not be far away. For example, a growth of 11% number of people agreed to aim health care ID number. Legislative measures must be taken into actions. Firstly, laws should protect weak individuals. Children might need a guardian to help on make decisions, and free to decide whether the implant should be kept at some age. If there is a contract signed, there should also be a way to end it, and even for a short time, the microchip carrier should always be free to install or remove a chip. Lastly, if none of the shelter is strong enough to prevent mandatory implantation, the government must at least provide assurances. Furthermore, privacy of customers is always a big issue, they should be able to review their records and to correct them. Even once it takes action finally, a big worry is that massive implantation in human population will execute to large level of abuse(Legislative Briefs, 2006).ComparisonsUnlike knowledge-based or object-based authenticators, ID-based authenticators are not easy to forge or lost. Knowledge-based is something you know, commonly password that cannot be shared with others. Object-based is something you have like photo ID or a token that cannot lose. Once something you are, a biometric is compromised, information are not that easy to replace as the previous ones. Typical physical type of biometric authentication is finger print, and iris scan that you are born to be capable of without learning any behaviour. Microchip implant involves both something you have and something you are, which is the highest level of security. However, like most biometric technologies, chips depend on machines. Once the scanning device has some errors occurred, battery went flat, or computing system went down, that all end up with a mess. As Lawrence OGorman(2003) stated that there are two types of biometric errors verification and identification errors. Verification is one-to-one matching made to match against a single identity, where identification is one-to-many matching made to match one person in a database containing records plus many others. Statistics calculated from formulae of Lawrence OGorman show that the false nonmatch rate of finger print is in the range of 1%-2%, while iris scan is 0.25%. Iris is more accurate as it has six times more features than fingerprint but it arises more privacy concerns. Microchip is believed to be much less rate of error occuring as it does not have the difficulties of capturing of moving people or one at a certain distance by considering the technology itself only.Microchip flexibly relies on the chip and a reader, where iris scan requires stable position image taking, high resolution camera and run through large numbers of comparisons in database that are not as quite a easy. However, it is undeniable that iris might be a better approach for now due to its lower equipment cost and less human rights arguments. The VeriChip Corporation had been sued regarding hospital figures, and subcutaneous sarcomas had been found around where microchip were implanted in mice Human microchip implantation can be fairly competitive when the devices being widely taken, well tested and universally acceptable in the future.Conclusion

Themes of Ordinary People by Judith Guest :: essays research papers

There are many themes that occur and can be interpreted differently throughout the novel. The three main themes that stand out most are healing, colloquy, and relationships. Ordinary People starts off already in a broken world. Buck has died, and Conrad has already attempted suicide, therefore, healing is a main focus throughout the book. Beth and Calvins marriage is also very rocky and they together are trying to see if things will work out by healing and saving their relationship. Judith Guest shows the journey through Conrads life and his bestride to becoming completely healed. Beth and Calvins relationship is also monitored and in the end just goes downhill by Beth leaving.Lack of communication and poor communication is a big problem in the novel. Beth thinks she and Conrad have poor communication. This is clear when Beth gets mad at Conrad be cause wasnt the first to know that he reconcile swim team. Calvin and Beth have communication issues too. They always have different v iews on things. Beth wanted to go on vacation and Calvin thought it was best to stay place until Conrad is settled again. Calvin wants to talk about everyones problems when Beth feels its best to move on, and forget about the past and only think about the future. Their lack of communication to agree on things turns their marriage from good to bad and Beth ends up leaving Calvin and Conrad.Relationships are a major issue in the book. Beth and Calvins, and Calvin and Conrads are the devil main relationships that have problems. First off, Beth and Calvin have a very poor relationship from lack of communication. They both have different views and the just really never click anymore. Calvin tries to go to Dr. Berger for advice and in the end their marriage crumbles and Beth leaves the family. Calvin and Conrad dont have a very strong relation ship in the tooth root because Calvin wants to sit around waiting for Conrad to heal and feels hes never good enough for Conrad, and Conrad jus t wants to go back to his regular life he had before and he also never really appreciated his dad.