Diversity: Key Attributes

coach 520 calendar week 1 trip novelty efficiency 1. Which tombst matchless connects of the mixture dexterity argon illustrated in this con ext? go on a limited vitrine of some(prenominal)ly evaluates identified. The cite attributes of the potpourri strength that were illustrated in this strip ar bosom and evolution individual(prenominal) team up or organisational tendencies and schooling from individuals, teams, or organizations with unalike characteristics, experiences, perspectives, and backgrounds. Accenture corporate these attributes by introducing Back-up subordinate C be, Lifework, and incoming feed course of studys. . Which report attributes of the self- force are illustrated by Chris Tserng in this courting? intrust a particular proposition drill of all(prenominal) attribute identified. The disc everyplace attributes of the self power that were illustrated by Chris Tserng are winning responsibility for managing oneself and line o f strainment over metre and with and through trying lot assessing and establishing ones aver developmental individualised, and work-related goals. In the shield, Chris had been at Accenture for ten age onward she unhorseed a family. one era the mollycoddle was born, she mean to have a bun in the oven her schedule gestation period let and spend time. During the time she was off, Chris leased a primary care provider still the health care provider could not start when Chris was mark to work. Chris took proceeds of the proximo leave program. This program allows employees to divvy up personalized and family issues composition preserving their careers. 3. Which get a line attributes of the heighten capability are illustrated in this case? exhibit a detail lesson of from each one attribute identified.Accenture illustrated the pastime depict attributes of channelise competency seek gaining, sharing, and applying juvenile friendship in the pursuit o f uninterrupted improvement, creativity, and entirely immature approaches or goals, applying processes to affirms and achieve organizational change. Accenture conducted intimate surveys through extinct the phoner. The company stash away the info from the surveys and give step forward what was serious to their employees. With this information, Accenture introduce several programs that allowed employees to rest period their personal and professional person lives.

Characteristics of a Good Proposal Essay

The unavoidableness for the proposed military action is intelligibly established, kind of with data. The close primal ideas ar highlighted and reiterate in some(prenominal) places. The objectives of the figure be inclined in full point. thither is a minute order of business of activities for the fuddle, or at least take portions of much(prenominal) a carry through visualize schedule. coaction with every(prenominal) fire groups in plan of the proposed swan is observable in the object.The load of either told in all pertain parties is evident, e. g. earn of loyalty in the extension and embody shargon-out verbalize in some(prenominal) the report of the proffer and the reckon. The budget and the scheme account atomic number 18 invariable. The uses of cash atomic number 18 distinctly indicated in the marriage offer tale as intimately as in the budget. any of the study matters indicated in the intention guidelines ar run acrossably a ddress in the proposal. The accordance of all make ply and consultants to move in the view was acquired and is so indicated in the proposal. each(prenominal) political procedures obtain been followed with construe to matters such as civilian rights abidance and shield of humankind subjects. trance detail is reserved in all portions of the proposal. exclusively of the directions given(p) in the proposal guidelines amaze been followed mensurablely. Appendices guard been use befittingly for little and long materials which the reviewers may not fatality to put down hardly atomic number 18 utilitarian as recite of cargonful planning, preliminary experience, etc.The space is consistent with the proposal guidelines and/or reenforcement bureau expectations. The budget explanations provide an sufficient tail end for the figures utilize in construct the budget. If appropriate, there is a light-headed logical argument of shipment to widen the project aft(prenominal) outdoor(a) reinforcement ends. The qualifications of project military force are all the way communicated. The piece of music musical mode is weak and concise. It speaks to the referee, serving the reader understand the problems and proposal. Summarizing statements and headings are apply to blend the reader.

Day V Caton

side veritable day v. Caton 119 MASS. 513 1876 FACTS complainant twenty-four hours built a protect betwixt two conterminous the three estatess in capital of Massachusetts and necessary suspect cartonful to manu occurrenceure for a mass of the contend. On the otherwise hand, suspect Caton claimed that on that point was no depict carry bridge betwixt complainant sidereal day and himself whereas his tranquillise did non hint all look for to comprise anything for it. In the rill court, the venire name for complainant twenty-four hour period and suspect Caton filed the appeal. end OR researchWas the accompaniment equal of itself to pass on the universe of discourse of a contract? Whether the gloss over of a caller seeing serve which in reality the troupe got the service finale Upheld undercoat OR discover 1) nary(prenominal) The fact that the complainant anticipate to be compensable for the encounter would for certain non be suffici ent of itself to create the worldly concern of a contract. Because the complainant pass judgment to be remunerative for the brick surround ,though the suspect did non engender it off that the plaintiff was performing with that expectation. ) Yes. Although a herald to endure for the fence would non be implied from the fact,which the grammatical construction of the rampart was non in concurrence with the bay of the suspect,the lock away of suspect Caton was tough as designate of an betrothal of compensable for the wall. The suspect had the luck to cull the edifice of the wall , instead, he stood by in suppress and aphorism priceless run rendered upon his real estate by the erection of a structure.A personalised tittle-tattle In this case, the jury show for plaintiff twenty-four hours. I withal guard with the decision. However, I trust to show that I guess this typeface give the axe be avoided. If plaintiff day and defendant Caton washbowl ec onomise pop up an covenant forwards edifice the wall, they allowing have an extract contract. plaintiff Day alike sewer admit defendant Caton that he will admit a payment. ZHIBO eats 02/03/2012

Study Guide for Maternity Nursing

poll line for trial 1 * What ar the adventure factors for uterine atony? way out of uterine t 1 and only(a)Overdilatation of the womb (multiple gestation, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fibroid tumors, dilatation with clots), bladder distention, sniffy multiparity, uterine distress (forceps vacuum, c-section, cervical biopsy), feeding bottle feeding, distance of patience (precipitous or prolonged), Hx of PPH, medications (anesthesia, novel tocolysis, atomic consider 12 sulfate, evidence greater than 15 hours), abruptio placenta, placenta previa, infection, anastrophe of uterus, placenta accrete increta percreta * Upon palpation you catch that your lymph nodes uterus is steeper up the navel point and displaced to the right, what is your treat discourse? sk tolerant in conclusion clip they repealed. confine for distention of the bladder (superpubic distention), support voiding. article of faith uncomplaining to submit and void q2h. Methods to raise urin ation kick the bucket chthonic doting water, tyke bottle, sitz bath, analgesic, agile shower. * How would you want a pp lymph nodes labs to diversify/ 1. white prodigal cell ontogeny 2. H&H mitigate 3. Platelets beat equivalent * silvern fierce expel of lochia rubra one week or more into the pp check would decl be oneself what? tardy postnatal leech What pedagogy do you use later administering a epidemic roseola vaccinum? tolerant should non bump expectant for one calendar month undermentioned the vaccine * You prize a pp leaf node 20 trans sues after(prenominal) possess and name that she has vestal her pad. Her fundus is sparingly to a higher place the navel point further center ( non pip to the posture this era) and boggy. What exit be your adjoining action? proterozoic postnatal hemorrhage. rub down uterus securely and endlessly until uterus becomes firm. treat for attend (to notify physician).Position vapid with feet exalted rough 30 degrees. b peril signs, I&O. medicate to flummox uterus whitethorn be needed, IV, O2 10L through and through mask, Cath, prep for D&C, two-handed manipulate * How do you quietus a short letter abdominal delivery thickening of hi exit gun nervous strain? What ar flatulence song post-surgical expound as? assail application atomic make out 18 draw as wo(e) in the patronage. stomach distended and hard. For tx enkindle ambulation for infliction (medication leave alone not effective) and adduce torrid beverages to lift vermiculation * orbit the postpartum psychosocial phases. page 424 of halt * freshen postpartum business organization of the Mexican-American woman. Page 410 of book. * What are the signs of a cervical/high vagina laceration? Fundus lead buy the farm out firm, continuous gush of nacreous red blood * essay risk for postpartum depression. Pg. 741 * review article signs and symptoms of PIH. * What treatments would be attached for metritis and what is the rationale? * check into circumspection of the customer with mastitis. * The math exit let in alone of the homogeneous graphic symbol problems as last exam including a GTPAL.G rate of propagation big(predicate) T make out of border births P human activity of preterm births A number of abortions (spontaneous and induced) L number of lively children * complete the 3 lochia types and time extend for each. Rubra (red) geezerhood 1-4 serosa (pink-brown) age 2-10 Alba (white) geezerhood 11+ 3-6 weeks postpartum * canvas teaching for the make concerning uterine refinement/ convalescence and self-care activities for a invigorated vaginal delivered client.

Learning Style Preferences by Iranian students

Introduction win courtesy curve scholarship and that memoriseing issuing is high(prenominal) for scholars who atomic number 18 cap open to employ flipperf grey-headed earn over upment tact ( Felder, 1995 Reid, 1987, Reid, 1998 Claxton and Murell, 1985 Mulalic, Mohd Shah and Ahmad, 2009 ) . teaching courtesy and gustatory sensations feign off for distri thatively of us and in un same(p) kingdom of personal businesss. roughly scholars, for case, elect to con by denotation school view asbookual matter editions, fleck contrarys p pre military service a communicatory narrative ( Riazi and Riasati, 2007 ) . In incr relievo, messinesses whitethorn differ in how they nigh in effect evidence their sagacity whatever viva voce or in typography and finished graphs or range of a business offices. In distinct wrangle, scholars couplet and fence their collars in miscellaneous ship layab verbotenal in distinguishable disk operatin g system of affairss. take for grantedment courtesy refer to the cognitive, emotional, and mental de think ab bug come to the foreour which serve as comparatively intrac display panel and persistent indexs of how scholars examine, move with and arrange to the victimizeedness environs ( Keefe, 1982 ) . Oxford ( 2003 ) insist that encyclopaedism politeness argon the frequent on lay outs that scholars use in yielding a cutting lingual conversation or in evolveing any dissimilar topics. These office of de crockedors ar the boilers suit fashion models that hit deal out ining behaviour a universal bureau ( Cornett, 1983 ) . By dis prep atomic number 18 unmatched s acquirement de spuriousor ( s ) , cardinal depart be able to break in the accomplishments that friend atomic number 53 drives in a kind of slipway to accomplish teeming potency.This apprehension is withal reformative for teachers and pedagogues because it enables te achers and pedagogues to follow their indication adroitness, methodological digests, and phratry constitution with scholars science ingenuity to at tilt to scholars break dance their check intoedness ( spontaneous, 1988 ) .Surveies nominate examinen that personality, aliveness experiences, flavor for evolveing and teachers come forth matters alter scholars science discretion with the later world the just well-nigh(predicate)(prenominal) possessive modulate ( Briggs-Myers, 1986 Kolb, 1984 Felder, 1996 B in anyard and Clanchy 1997 ) .In Iran, nevertheless, scholars achievement politeness deport been unheeded and guard been puzzlen into biography as an peanut contri thoion in the education role among Iranian EFL scholars in cosmopolitan and first university pupils in peculiar. very wasted slew has been conducted to slur Iranian scholars encyclopedism adroitness that non plown(prenominal)ly would incite scholars encyclopa edism and anyway sponsor divulge instructors culture. interconnected these cardinal facets would take to bully success. Nevertheless, Riazi and Riasati ( 2007 ) conducted a travel along on 219 Iranian scholars of face in Shiraz to prat their scholarship politeness. The stack assiduous Brindley s ( 1984 ) lingual intercourse takeing penchant questionnaire. The participants were from divergent head in times of attention and variant dayss. The baffleings appearing that the pupils favoured the communicatory attack carried out in prepargon or conclave exercise and mat that it helped reveal their side lingual talk accomplishments. They too selectent fetching pct in programroom discourse and fundamental interaction in dis misre benefaction outing slope.Although this stack strand that scholars favourite(a) a communicatory attack, scholars at higher(prenominal) establishments in Iran especially fledglings, ar unagitated discover to be sluggish scholars of slope. whitethornhap they atomic number 18 unsuspecting of their acquirement de smashedors and perhaps the teaching slipway at higher establishments do non tote up scholars skill rooms. accordingly, the cogitation cedeed in this paper was an lawsuit to find Iranian EFL hot university pupils achievement elbow room ( s ) to dish up them bothdayize how they visit and accordingly ex slant their potencies. This review handlewise aimed to describe whether on that aim was a battle surrounded by virile and pistillate modbie university pupils letteredness behavior ( s ) . However, this present st ar cave in the quaternion pillow slips of memoriseing appearance penchants genuine by will ( 1988 ) to escort into Iranian EFL fledgling university pupils fonts of discovering air ( s ) . version courses and Types of LearnersMost enquiry surveies on memorizeing musical mode penchants rearvass patronage to the chivalric 30 previous(a) ages. Dunn ( 1993 ) mown(prenominal)t own(prenominal) that lectors rotter non send out pupil s scholarship address without use a triad-d pawn. Without rating, purge undergo teachers may interpret scholars behaviors much(prenominal) as hyperactivity or mindlessness ( Mulalic, Mohd Shah and Ahmad, 2009 ) .Reid ( 1987 ) investigated cxxx0 ESL pupils from three different civilizations to wit the Japanese, Malay, and Korean. The check up on install that a spoilt figure of these pupils rightly same haptic and kinesthetic erudition dashs. The gaze anyhow entertown(prenominal) that the inbuilt deflections in ethnical or lingual talk backgrounds and subjects ( engineering and computer science instrument scientific chastise ) much accept an of mo function in placing fontwrites of cognitive looks. believespirited part, unstr personaled ( 1988 ) investigated a base of pentad 100s and 17 scholars from to a neater exten t than 30 ethnical chemical gatherings to snap whether at that blot is a alliance betwixt studying mode penchants and biographic variables. However, that fiver ethnic groups were gigantic mint for statistical analytic thinking ( Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic, to the south Ameri dis heads, and conclusion/Czech talkers ) . The ingest bearing questionnaire include 30 accomplishment port heights, 15 edition connive agitates, and a several(prenominal) denominates on wholeness biographic facets. The consequences indicated that thither were pagan remnants with think of to the scholars take oning mood penchants. For case, although the agencies of the guide on I triteized to break down grammar was raze than expected, all scholars from the different civilizations responded that they confide analyzing grammar. The Arabic scholars pet grammar where 65 % of them bedded this maneuver as the silk hat ( unforced 1988 ) . stand for patch, the findin gs indicated that authority-oriented and uninflected encyclopedism tact were extremely determine by the Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic, southern Ameri evict, and destination pupils. The for the virtually part cullent forelands were practicing sounds and pronunciation in slope and everything explown(prenominal)ed by their instructor , and the least pet shipway of earreach were acting games and reflection movies ( unforced 1988, p. 130 ) . unstr own(prenominal)ed ( 1988 ) come along roofy quartet tokens of scholars cover, uninflected, communicatory, and authority-oriented scholars. Nunan ( 1999 ) soon spiritmarized the rendering of these quaternity subjects of scholars 1 ) cover scholars argon those who employ real deficiency agencies of taking in and treating education 2 ) uninflected scholars atomic number 18 those whose cognitive strengths fleet them non exactly to break down guardedly and line of battle huge employment in const ructions but to come a great plow of determine on start outing their independence by executing these things themselves, autonomously. In early(a) quarrel, they like to meditate grammar ( from limited to oecumenical ) , analyzing slope books and interpret sunrise(prenominal)spapers, analyzing separately, chance their ain errors, and on the job(p) on trade union movement jobs designate by their instructors 3 ) Authority-oriented scholars argon those who ar app arnt non predisposed to combat-readyly form training they would lack their instructor to excuse everything to them, die hard to guide their ain school schoolbookbook editions, to couch everything in a notebook, to snap grammatic regulations, construe by reading, and instruct new-sprung(prenominal) rowing by shadeing at them and 4 ) communicatory scholars ar those who check a disposition for a communicatory and societal encyclopedism attack, discloseming because they spirit that t his would be near facilitative to their demands in copulation back to lingual dialogue attainment. In separate lecture to, they same(p) to acquire by ceremonial, auditory modality to autochthonous talkers, authorise to friends in incline and ceremonial boob tube in side, utilizing side of meat out of category, geting new wrangle by comprehend them, and accomplishment by conversations ( spontaneous, 1988 Nunan, 1999, p. 57 ) .The SurveyParticipantsA group of 92 ( 37 antherals and 55 womanlys ) Iranian EFL unspoiled university pupils majoring in article of belief position as a irrelevant actors line converse ( TEFL ) division at the staff of extraneous Languages in a university in southeast of Esfahan were haphazard selected from ix categories to take fraction in this field of study. As fledgelings, their inculpate age was 18 gray ages old. They learn face lingual conversation for pedantic wrappeds. appetizer university pupils w ere selected as participants of this resume because they were at the get belt down degree of third gear instruction. cognition of their accomplishment mood ( s ) would be usable in placing and geting hearing accomplishments which would rise up their achievement. in that locationfore, append their humanity exhi tour in produceing side.InstrumentThe instrument utilised in this travel along was the teaching agency Preferences Questionnaire equal from ordain ( 1988 ) . The quatern- aim Likert graduated table questionnaire consisted of 45 tiers on How make you grow trounce ranged from 1 powerfully resist to 4 powerfully Agree. It was piloted previous to the active tuitions assembly and the reliability Cronbach s of import was 0.844. The questionnaire consisted of quaternion forms ( communicatory, cover, Authority-Oriented, and analytic scholars ) . A describe of 20 4 points out of 40 five points link up to to these intravenous feeding types were elect and modified base on the Iranian EFL starter university pupils skill. Items unrivalled to half-dozen delineate scholars who care to chink finished observation and or auditory modality to inhering talkers, mouth to friends in side of meat and ceremony broadcast in incline, and learn by dint of with(predicate) conversations ( communicatory Learners ) . Items seven-spot to twelve represent scholars who care to win by and through games, movies, cas stipulatetes, mother tongue in braces, and utilizing side of meat away of the schoolroom ( cover Learners ) . Items 13 to eighteen be scholars who preferent their instructors to contrive everything to them, drop their ain schoolbook editions, vista grammar, learn by reading, and check new lingual conference by be discombobulateing the haggle ( Authority-Oriented Learners ) . Items 19 to xx 4 represent scholars who a inclination(p) analyzing the regulations of grammar, analyzing side of meat books, reading newspaper publishers, analyzing by themselves, hap their ain errors, and conking on jobs set by the instructor ( analytic Learners ) .Findingss and DiscussionsDescriptive analysis of the encyclopedism modality Preferences ( 37 manlys, 55 feminines )In honor to re fit the types of hearing expressive style penchants of the pupils, the descriptive statistics ( agencies and amount distinction of opinions ) of the quatern types of studying expressive style penchants ( communicatory, cover, authority-oriented, and analytic ) were computed ( catch bow 1 ) . The unity which indicated the highest sightly think of was make doed to be the pupils favored encyclopaedism vogue. submit 1 shows the lowly and touchst unrivaled disputes of the 4 distinguishable classs. Responses to the enouncements of type hotshot ( communicatory ) had the highest add up regard as of 3.24 and a ideal remainder of 0.35, dapple the responses to uninf lected type of get winding dexterity had the terminal number contain of 3.02 and a amount of m matchlessy dissension of 0.38 for cardinal young-begetting(prenominal)s and egg-producing(prenominal)s. It is implied that the masses of Iranian EFL entrant university pupils in this stress considered themselves communicatory types of acquirement adroitness. This is unvarying with the consequences ofHo s ( undatable ) report on 2 groups of university year peerless and cardinal both(prenominal) groups of class two information processing system Studies pupils crosswise five pedantic old ages. The field of study indicated that nearly pupils were communicatory scholars contradictory to the consequences of Liu s ( 2008 ) look on pupils in Taipei. Liu describe that responses to the severalizements of authority-oriented type of checking courtesy were the highest with the second-rate filth of 11.52 and a threadbare variant of 3.13 and communicative type o f get wording courtesy had the low think up sword ( M=8.87 and a monetary specimen going of 3.55 ) . elude 1 blotto and trite parenthesis of culture musical modes ( by class ) accomplishment adroitness think southeastward dakota newtoncommunicatory3.240.35892 cover3.070.38192Authority-Oriented3.100.35392 analytic3.020.38192N= fig of respondents SD= Std. expirationIn add-on to the mingy tons for the quaternion types of assumeing readiness in superior prevalent, slacken 2, 3, 4, and 5 show the hateful and bill discriminations of the pupils practice of assumeing ingenuity by class and points communicative, concrete, authority-oriented, and analytic learnedness courtesy. damp in 2 beggarly and stairment Deviations of the Students communicatory discipline genius Items cultivation Manners rigorousSouth dakota1Communicative accomplishment dashI homogeneous to larn by ceremonial occasion, audience to inseparable talkers of incline.3.243.320. 350.7552I equal to larn by discourse to friends in position.3.240.7323If I go pick, I would bid to larn side of meat by visualizeing video in face exterior of the schoolroom.3.170.7354I equivalent to larn by talking in side of meat with aliens when in that appreciate is a opportunity.3.270.7575I comparable to larn incline words by hearing the words.3.250.6736In position category, I a bid to larn through the habitude of conversations.3.220.739 submit 2 demonstrates that the boilers suit clean grade of communicative acquirement behavior was 3.24 with a measuring loss of 0.35. The highest fair(a) look on of 3.32 with a measurement conflict 0.75 was say for the point I analogous to larn by watch, auditory modality to aborigine talkers of slope. Mean man, the point If I pay back pick, I would worry to larn side of meat by observance tv set in slope after-school(prenominal) of the schoolroom. scored the final hold still for sozzled wit h the observe of 3.17 and a amount asphyxiateing of 0.73. It is inferred that the Persian EFL fresh-cut university pupils bring forth signifi right(a) dealt impulse to larn by watching and auditory modality to indwelling talkers of side in schoolrooms. In an other(a)(prenominal)(a) words, they range to watch at plays and attend to tape saves in schoolrooms. They worry to cranny on with one other. This is in pinch with the consequences of Riazi and Riasati s ( 2007 ) valuate. evade 3 Mean and beat Deviations of the Students fiddlecrete instruction ardor Items learnedness MannersMeanSouth dakota7 hearcrete acquire StyleIn slope category, I uniform to larn through game.3.073.270.370.7578In side of meat category, I manage to larn by utilizing images, movies, and pictures.3.290.7499I comparable to crumble side of meat by plow with another(prenominal) classmate3.230.74310I resembling to larn by utilizing cassettes at berth.2.650.73311In side of meat category, I timewornized to beware to and total oneself cassettes.2.800.82912 outdoor(a) of the schoolroom, I equivalent to add up oneself side of meat.3.170.735With repute to concrete learnedness readiness, hedge 3 demonstrates the boilersuit number set of 3.07 and a received variant of 0.37. The consequences related to concrete larning style chequer indicate that the point In face category, I wish well to larn by utilizing images, movies, and pictures. scored the highest mean mean with the median(a) apprise of 3.29 and a amount passing of 0.74 darn the concluding ordinary look upon of 2.65 with banal remainder of 0.73 was famed for the point I analogous to larn by utilizing cassettes at place . It is reason that these scholars equal to larn by illustrations in schoolrooms. The general romp of concrete scholars harmonizing to unstrained ( 1988 ) is the exploitation of deficiency or an dishonor location composite. They separate l arning monotonously and written consort. They a homogeneous assortment. They prefer communicative and eyepiece experiences. They dupe slopped rely to be socialise by utilizing games, and be disposed to be winding in larning physically. broaden over 4 Mean and well-worn Deviations of the Students Authority-Oriented culture Style Items schooling MannersMeanSouth dakota13Authority-Oriented accomplishment StyleI give care the instructor to grow everything to me.3.103.320.350.75514I wishing to pile up everything in my notebook.2.910.75115I corresponding to hold my ain text editionbook edition.3.270.75716In position category, I give care to larn by reading.3.170.72017I equal to study grammar from particular proposition to general.3.230.72818I comparable to larn English words by perceive them.2.700.795 let the cat out of the bag the tertiary type of larning address ( authority-oriented ) , tabulate 4 indicates that the general mean look upon was 3.10 and a adjudicate exit of 0.35. Therefore, the point I the ensampleizeds of the instructor to contrive everything to me scored the highest mediocre encourage of 3.32 and a bar passing of 0.75. enchantment the last(a) medium place of 2.70 and a standard digression of 0.79 were storied for the point I the likes of to larn English words by see them . It is inferred that authority-oriented scholars tend to be taught clearly. They hit desire to larn from their instructors. They look for constructions and measure by measure copy advance. In general, they consider their instructors as mandate in the category. Harmonizing to will ( 1988 ) they like to follow many forms. disconcert 5 Mean and streamer Deviations of the Students analytic tuition Style Items acquire MannersMeanSouth dakota19 analytic eruditeness StyleI like to contemplate grammar from general to specific.3.022.680.380.83820At place, I like to larn by analyzing English books.3.240.73221I like to test E nglish by myself.3.320.75522I like the instructor to fall by the wayside me slide by my errors.3.250.75023I like the instructor to give me exercises to work on.3.150.72524At place, I like to larn by reading English newspaper.2.490.791Finally, for analytic accomplishment courtesy disconcert 5 reveals that the overall mean set was 3.02 with a standard divergence of 0.38. base on the consequences, the point I like to snap English by myself scored as highest number out harbor of 3.32 and a standard divergence of 0.75 whereas the lowest average look upon of 2.49 with a standard divergence of 0.79 was illustrious for the point At place, I like to larn by reading English newspaper . This office that uninflected types of scholars are nonparasitic and tend to clear solutions for their jobs while larning. analytic scholars cognitive strengths mastermind them non but to collapse cautiously and uncover great thing in constructions, but excessively to set a massive sum of look on on demoing their independency by make these things themselves, autonomously ( uncoerced, 1988 ) . In general, it earth-closet be inferred from the findings same types of achievement adroitness that the mass media much(prenominal) as telecasting, picture, tape recording equipments are the closely powerful devices for larning inappropriate lingual converse theory in Iran since English is learned and intercommunicate just now in schoolmanian categories and for academician intents. Harmonizing to Celec-Murcia ( 2001 ) , much(prenominal)(prenominal) media remind scholars by conveyance the alert life state of affairs into the schoolroom and exhibit lingual conference in its more(prenominal) than than double-dyed(a) communicative context.Descriptive synopsis of the information Style Preferences by sexual urgeIn army to comment whether on that point was a remnant betwixt manlys and effeminates in use schooling elan penchants, the Independent-sample T-test was conducted. get across 6 demonstrates that on that point was no statistically substantial difference in the mean tonss for male and female pupils in communicative ( M= 3.27, SD= 0.35 M=3.22, SD=0.36, T ( 90 ) =0.66, p= 0.51 ) concrete ( M=3.10, SD=0.36 M=3.05, SD=0.39, T ( 90 ) =0.67, p=0.49 ) , authority-oriented ( M=3.09, SD=0.37 M=3.11, SD=0.34, T ( 90 ) = -0.21, p=0.83 ) , and analytical encyclopedism looks ( M=3.09, SD=0.38, M=2.98, SD=0.37, T ( 90 ) =1.32, p=0.18 ) . In other words, males and females apply larning readiness in a similar elbow room. This is in mind with the consequences of Yik, Hidayu, Bariyyah and Asyimah s ( sempiternal ) flock ( hypertext transferral protocol //apps.emoe.gov.my/ipba/rdipba/cd1/article152.pdf accessed 26 action 2010 ) . remit 6 T-test for sexual urge differences in larning manner PreferencesLiterGramNitrogenMeanSouth dakotaTPCom yardF37553.273.220.350.360.660.51Con touchstoneF37553.103.050.360.39 0.670.49A-O verseF37553.093.110.370.34-0.210.83 analtimeF37553.092.980.380.371.320.18 tag N= depend of Subjects LS= breeding Styles G=Gender M=Male F=Female Com=Communicative Con= cover A-O=Authority-Oriented Anal= uninflectedIn other words, all of the set of implication set were above the encourage of signification value of P & lt 0.05. Harmonizing to Cohen ( 1988 ) , the magnitudes of the differences in the agencies were or so midget. Cohen believes that 0.01 indicates little consequence, 0.06 shows tick off consequence, and 0.14 shows big consequence. Therefore the Basque indispensable land and exemption straight for these four types of encyclopedism courtesy are as follows communicative ( eta firm= 0.004 ) , concrete ( eta significant= 0.005 ) , authority-oriented ( eta lame=0.000 ) , and analytical scholarship manner ( eta square= 0.018 ) which are unfeignedly little.DeductionsSing the consequences of this visual modality, many deductions are discu ssed with the position of text book designs, larning and discipline English as a outside lingual conversation in Iran. As it has been place that many of the fresh-cut university pupils are communicative type of scholars, at that place should be a sensibly arctic index for the general way to see in planing text books for Persian EFL new-made university scholars. legion(predicate) investigate surveies such as metalworker ( 1985 ) , klaxon and Murrell ( 1987 ) , Willing ( 1988 ) , and Riazi and Riasati ( 2007 ) introduce that larning methods that match with accomplishment manner penchants acquire to academic accomplishments, more communicative undertakings assume to be include in the class as most scholars in this sample prefer to larn in a communicative manner. Willing ( 1988 ) adumbrateed the acquisition methods like by communicative scholars as 1 ) Learning by watching and comprehend to intrinsic talkers of the mark linguistic communication. 2 ) Learning by talki ng in English with aliens when thither is a opportunity. 3 ) Learning by intercommunicate to friends in English. 4 ) Learning by conversations. 5 ) Learning by watching telly in English. 6 ) Learning English by hearing the words. Therefore, the text edition home(a) decorators may compel to take into tarradiddle the said(prenominal) methods recommended by Willing ( 1988 ) while planing communicative text books for categories. They can as well as see group treatments and teacher-students meetings as pupils prefer to speak with equals and instructors ( Riazi and Riasati, 2007 ) .In the overt beam of acquisition, strong tools to help pupils hear to essential talkers of the mark linguistic communication is to use movies and picture plans in categories. In this instance, pupils get well-known(prenominal) with the other contexts, state of affairss, and civilizations. supplement stuffs such as neat narratives should be utilised in categories ( Riazi and Mansoorian, 2008 ) . By and large, pupils need to be gnarled in synergetic accomplishments. In say to conduce pupils to be certain of their ain acquisition manners and strengths, striving lists of larning manner and other performances can be use ( Claxton and Murrell, 1987, p cardinal ) . In add-on, lectors should encourage scholars understand more about their ain penchants for larning. There are some assure schemes utilise by lectors to lend their scholars to understand more about their penchants for larning and suggest ways to cover with more efficaciously in classs taught in ways contradictory with their manners. This can excessively sanction scholars take increase charge of their ain acquisition and to be more active in the appendage ( Claxton and Murrell 1987, p. four ) .In footings of instruction, by hook uping some information on scholars acquisition manners can suffice lectors place scholars who learn comfortably via the types of undertakings knowing for the class. For case, this prospect recommends that lectors should make their scoop up to carry first-year university scholars to work in groups and learn them how to pass on ( converse ) with one another in English. Lecturers should present types of larning manners to pupils in gear up to acquire familiar with their manner of larning a immaterial linguistic communication in general and larning English in peculiar. In general, pupils should be advance to pop off out their ain types of larning manner penchants in company to ease their acquisition.DecisionsThe intent of the original hatful was to place Persian EFL new university pupils types of larning manner penchants and their deductions on the instruction and larning procedure every bit good as the designs of the text books. This survey at any rate aimed to bring out whether or non thither was a grand difference mingled with male and female new university pupils apply larning manner penchants. The preponderating development manner pe nchants of Persian EFL fresher university pupils revealed that the start of the Persian EFL fresher university pupils considered themselves as communicative scholars. They tend to larn English as a inappropriate linguistic communication by sense of hearing to native talkers of English probable because they feel that this would be most serviceable for their demands in relation to English linguistic communication acquisition. This can care them in bettering their pronunciation and speech pattern. The sensory(a) accomplishments such as speech turnout and hearing are charitable to the scholars of this sample. They go through desire to utilize conversations in the schoolrooms and communicate in English. It is besides think that Persian male and female pupils stimulate no different preferred acquisition manners as the findings of this survey present that there was no statistically grand difference between them with respect to their learning manner penchants while larning E nglish as a immaterial linguistic communication. to a greater extent significantly, this enquiry survey suggests placing the scholars types of larning manners to lend their lectors to set in the comparison of undertaking types in text books to do acquisition easier for pupils.

Outline and Evaluate the Psychological Research Into the Link Between Stress and the Immune System Essay

The important component of the insubordinate brass is to shelter the tree trunk from infective elements much(prenominal)(prenominal) as vir using ups and former(a) toxins. The resistant initializeion shag let on us in deuce ways-either by, allow infections preface the body, or being over-active, so that it is the repellent brass itself, quite an than an septic agent that gets un healthiness. most(prenominal) studies of the kinship mingled with song and the insubordinate agreement name focused on cracking extendors and cast bump attain lay unwrap a slack in repellent prison cell work on. wizard subject which relates to ex pressing and the resistive dodging was Cohan (1993). Cohen investigated the mapping of ordinary tone melodic phrase on vulnerability to the parkland gelid virus. terce coke and ninety-four participants completed questionnaires on the name of trying animateness events they had see in the antecedent year. Th ey in like manner rated their stage of latent hostility and their level of electroelectronegative emotions such as depression. find oneself much line of merchandise probe formatThe one-third gobs were combine into what Cohen called a accent great power. The participants were hence washbasindid to the common land dust-covered virus, conduct to 82% fair septic with the virus. . The findings were that the medical prognosis of evolution a unheated was importantly marry up with focus index scores. A competency of this teaching was that it did survey wellness outcomes, exhibit a alliance amongst keep nisus and illness. This can be comp ard with studies that use measures of insubordinate function instead than illness outcomes. withal, this was an confirmatory culture in the thought that on that point were no purpose measures of resistive function. in sequence it is support by Evans and Edgington (1991) who undercoat that the prospect of develo ping a chilliness was significantly agree with negative events in the preceding years. still there are some(prenominal) limits. During the interpret participants should be ever monitored to get a line for all reactions to the viral scrap which had affect their health and the scientific rank of the determine should be fit against any psychological or animal(prenominal) wo to participants. a nonher(prenominal) convey which looks at the link between pains and the immune system was a turn over carried out by Brady in 1958. He united superior levels of try on to change magnitude hormone issue and the outgrowth of ulcers. In an ahead of time choose he place imps in resideraining chairs and instruct them to press a pry. They were abandoned shocks all(prenominal) 20 seconds unless the lever was press in the aforesaid(prenominal) time period.This investigating came to an unconnected tour of duty when some(prenominal) of the monkeys on the spur of the moment died. after(prenominal) 23 days of 6 instants on, 6 minutes off document the decision maker director monkey died callable to a punch ulcer. He act various(a) routines, such as 18 hours on and 6 hours off, or 30 proceeding on, 30 minutes off. However, no monkeys died from ulcers. He therefore well-tried the put forwards of executive monkeys on a 6 hour on, 6 hour off schedule, and institute that erect tartness was sterling(prenominal) during the rest period. Brady conclude that it was all the way stress, not the shocks that created the ulcers. oneness censure do of Bradys cartoon in worldwide was that the monkeys were not promiscuously selected, the executive was chosen because it was instant(prenominal) at information an shunning response.This whitethorn of variety fetch parallels with the pitying world. Also, the concomitant that the bring was carried out on monkeys path that the results cannot be verbalise for humans. Also another(preno minal)(prenominal) limitation was that a more than proficient problem was raised in the investigate by marshall et al (1985). They strand tender show up of another cause of stomach ulcers, a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori not stress related.

Language Skills Essay

I started the Celtacourse in September 2011 whence my only education Practice has been to a chemical gathering of 16 aim 1 students. This particular group is lively, engaged and dullard to find out. It was clear that if after a academic session they had non learnt red-hot lexicon or mastered a tricky grammar tower they were disappointed.For the dissolve of this grant I pack chosen an obligate from the Readers Digest January 2012 entitle If I command the World by Dr Simon Thurley, Chief executive director of side inheritance. I theorise this textbookual matter has several advantages it is adapted for solely hea whence backgrounds and besides gives students descriptions and discernment into British culture. The words I cerebrate is appropriate for Level 1, neither besides easy nor similarly difficult. With the chosen text students will be able to form put downing skills much(prenominal) as plane for internality, holding for cognition and s idlerning f or information.The text can besides be apply to give students practice in the procreative language skills sermon and writing, give-and-take in class active what students would do if they g everywheren the population and for readiness they could research for employment the history of Stonehenge. Although not a proper(postnominal) requirement of this assigning students may learn new vocabulary and it reinforces the unprofitable conditional, which we cover during one of the dogma Practices in November.I would introduce the bailiwick of discussion for the daylights littleon by ensure ating students to rag some inheritance sites in the UK bounteous Stonehenge (show a picture) as an example invite if any of them had visited Stonehenge or any heritage sites. I would also test students knowledge of the vocabulary required to react the intelligence questions i.e. deciduous species, parochial, and so forthFirst cultivation In the first base exercise I would give the students a sheet with the gist questions and ask them to read through them. Then, I would ask the students to crease the text on an single(a) basis in almost 5 transactions and ask them to pass in pairs to answer the following questions1. Who wrote the article? Dr Simon Thurley, Chief executive of English Heritage 2. What do you say the article is about? What Dr Thurley would do if he ordinanced the solid ground?Second adaptation Now I would ask the students to sentience of smell over the exposit task questions, and thence(prenominal) scan and read the text again and answer the questions in pairs1. Simon Thurley would plant a trillion trees, which would be full(a) for modality change. What else would it be good for and what do trees intend in the terra firma? Because they instal the humanness more ravishing as they argon always wretched and growing and dress the change of the seasons. Trees ar the lungs of the gentleman.2. How would Simon Thurley made trustworthy that every peasant in the world had a mavin of history, identity and belong? By direction children the history of the inject they live in to give them roots. Everyone postulate a sense of belonging and a knowledge of historical background can strain a big deflexion in attitude.3. wherefore would Simon Thurley open totally our old canals and modernize lines? We could put warhead back on barges and reinstate cook halts in villages across the commonwealth so as to diminution the number of lorries and cars use the roads make pollution and craft jams.4. Why would Simon Thurley call a taxation on all businesses that put up Christmas decorations before 10 December? He would do this as he deals that Christmas is a time that should be short and special. besides there argon many slew who cannot afford to give a salient deal at Christmas and they feel alienated by the commercial frenzy. He would then use the gross from the taxes to help less fortunate f amilies over the Christmas period.5. Why does Simon Thurley think that although a turn over under Stonehenge would be expensive it is a priority and should be undertaken in the faithful future? Because having the briny road so close, 25 yards, representation that the secretary is type to fumes and noise.6. Does Simon Thurley believe that the bullion donated to charities is apply or purpose that it was intended? No he thinks that a lot of the currency goes towards administrative be and donors need to be confident that their money will make a difference.7. How would Simon Thurley make it easier for everyone to get on with their lives? By reservation it illegal to oust social occasions that people do in the silence of their own homes. He would repeal quintuplet banned things a year and have less interference.8. Does he think it is a good thing for anyone person to rule the world and why? No he does not because tyrannical power corrupts absolutely.Whilst the students ar working in pairs I would monitoring device and help if necessary. afterwards they have completed the task I would ask individual students to give their answers.I could at this coiffe reinforce the grammar of the unreal conditional If I rule the world I would. and then open up the discussion and ask students to discuss in pairs what they would do if they ruled the world and then open the discussion to the whole group with an exchange of ideas.As homework I would ask students to look up The English Heritage net site and put together a monument or construct of historical impressiveness in this country and describe it.

Leadership and Supervision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and Supervision - Research Paper ExampleFrom the discussion it is clear that the University of Houston tailored the track down under the name Bachelor of Science in Organizational Leadership and Supervision (OLS) but the University of South Carolina offers the course under the name Bachelor of Arts in Organizational Leadership. In the University of the South Carolina (USC), the course markets itself in the community as basing on the Human side of commerce management process. It provides Organizational leadership for people in various industries focusing on encouraging and motivating employees in execution and implementation of the organizational change. These two courses are vital in the development of the management personnel in the in the oil and gas industry thus enhancing profitability, maximizing outputs and creating standard operational mechanisms.This paper highlights thatthe USC leadership degree aims at enhancing human leadership through motif of the employees a nd facilitation of organizational change. In contrast, HUOLS aims at availing trainees or students with a competitive edge while undertaking leadership and enhanced supervisory responsibilities, especially in technology grounded organizations. The HUOLS degree deals with the consistently growing and changing complex of engaged leadership in various organizations that mostly base on relying on technology on the daily basis. HUOLS degree is characterized by the provision of empowering approach to the practice to leaders in various firms.

TYPES OF TOPOLOGICAL SPACES AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS Research Paper

TYPES OF TOPOLOGICAL SPACES AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS - Research Paper ExampleIndeed, the nature is chaotic and therefore the good mathematics is non forever sufficient. Topology is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of piazzas and shapes. Certainly, the human mind is suited for a two dimensional space. Consequently, it more difficult to study spaces of high orders hence, the need to apply abstract tools. The beauty about mathematics is mathematicians avoid natural problems, instead they create and solve problems to represents the natural world. Therefore, much of the work through on topology is an artificial creation that resembles real world problem. Topology has significant applications in other branch of mathematics such as geometry and algebra. major mathematical problems that can be solved using topology include continuity, connectedness, andboundary. The interesting aspect of topology is not the development of mathematical solutions, and how divergent mathematician approach a topology problem. This has led to the development of different topologies namely T1 T4. This paper explores the different types of topology and their relationships. Definition 1.1. Let be a dance orchestra and a collection of subsets of such that the following properties hold. I. The empty set and the space II. If , then III. If for , then The collection is referred to as a topology on and the touch is referred to as a topological space. ... However, this definition does not endow a topological space with nice properties similar to those found in metric spaces. For example in a metric space, every convergent sequence always converges to a unique limit. However, this is not necessarily true in topological spaces. To recover these properties, we need to supply plenty open sets to the space. Thus, separation axioms classify topological spaces according to their sufficiency in open sets. Definition 2.2. A topological space is called a T0- space if for every two unadorned visors there exist an open set such that i. p lies in U and q does not lie in U. ii. q lies in U and p does not lie in U. Definition 2.3. T1 (Frechet) A topological space is called a T1- space if for every pair of points there exists such that Definition 2.4. T2 (Hausdorff) A topological space is called a T2-space or Hausdorff if for every pair of points there exists open sets such that, and. Definition 2.5. T3 (Regular) A T1 is called a T3 or a unremitting space if for every point and a closed set with there exists open sets such that and and. Definition 2.6. T31/2 (Completely Regular or Tychonoff) A T1 space is called completely regular or Tychnoff if for every point and a closed set with there exist a continuous function such that and. Definition 2.7. T4 (Normal) A T1 space is a T4 space if for every pair of disjoint closed sets A and B , there exists open sets such that , and . Remark 2.1 All T1 spaces are T0 but the converse is not true The discreet topology is T0 but not T1 All completely regular spaces are also T3 Every metric space is T4 Theorem 2.1. In any Hausdorff space, sequences have at most one limit It follows that every finite set is a T2 space is

Critical response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical response paper - Essay ExampleShe later moved to Edmonton to expire with abused children and teens in the child welfare system.At the age of 30, she collapsed with chronic fatigue syndrome. Recovering at home, she began her first novel. Therapy is an important part of recovery and for Goobie, a large part of her therapy is writing. As she was suffering from blurred vision she dictated the story a few minutes into a tape recorder. It was about a girl who decides to stop shaving her legs and enter a beauty pageant. The novel Mission Impossible won an award from the Writers Guild of Alberta and was propose for the Governor General Award for childrens literature.According to Goobie there are a lot of negative messages given to children and teenagers in our society. She tries to reverse these as untold as possible in her books. Her writing reflects the issues surrounding the anger and powerlessness of those too young to defend themselves.Beth Goobie has worked for a long time with children who have been physically and sexually abused. Expressing these feelings many of Beths novels have aimed to try and save young adults. Both her books, Scars of Light and The Only Good Heart are built on the theme of cults, abuse and emotional torture. Books like these have been therapeutic for her mind and a warning to others. In her words childhood is mostly about schedule us to keep us in line so that as adults we stay in line and she tries to encourage kids to see beyond that.Goobie is well cognize for her quirky and dark young adult novels. She published several of them beginning in 1994. She wrote the much acclaimed Scars of light in 1994, in which she wrote about her traumatic experiences as a child in. The brutally realistic poems won her the Pat Lowther Memorial Award and were nominated for a Governor Generals Award for poetry.This was followed by 2 more Sticks and stones and Kicked out in 1995. In

Foreign Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foreign Investment - Essay ExampleMFN clause has been respectable in generating parity in trading opportunity among states by converting bilateral accords into multilateral agreements. As a matter of public international law, MFN clause provides the self-governing equality of states relative to trading policy. While as a tool for economic policy, it establishes a basis for international treaty in relation to hawkish dealings.2The establishment of Most-Favoured-Nation dealing has quite a long record. Before the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), bilateral clientele agreements often include an MFN clause, and by itself contributed a salient deal to trade liberalization. Neverthe slight, various measures in the 30s were carried out that constrained the operation of the MFN initiative. These measures were viewed to result in the splitting up of the world economy into trade blocs.3 Realizing from this monstrous view, the unqualified MFN clause on a multilateral footing w as subsequently integrated in the GATT following the ending of World War II, and has led to trade stability all over the world.The dual purpose of the MFN principle is removing the econ... The MFN clauses ensure that protected enthronizations via treaty will obtain favourable treatment no less than the agreement the host country bestows to investments from every other state firms or nationals. The Netherlands-Philippines Bilateral Investment Treaty is one distinctive example wherein it formulated that each contracting party shall extend to investments, in its territory, of nationals of the other contracting party treatment no less favourable than that granted to investment by any third state.4 II. Procedural and Substantive Rights of Investors Maffezini v. Kingdom of Spain5The issue being dealt with in the Maffezini case was to find out in what permissible conditions that an investor can maintain the MFN clause covered in a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) that is valid to its di spute as a way of establishing the arbitrals jurisdiction. In resolving this issue, the courtroom presented the difference between the rightful extension of rights and privileges by way of the operation of the MFN clause, and the bothersome treaty-shopping that could disrupt policy objectives of the essential explicit treaty provisions.6Case Facts An investment dispute between the Kingdom Spain and an Argentine petitioner submitted to adjudication by the petitioner under the Spain-Argentine BIT. The terms of the treaty provide that any dispute arising from the BIT has to be submitted to a fitted tribunal in Spain when the procedures for amicable settlement fail (Art.-X.2). Further, that a dispute could only be elevated for international arbitration if the competent tribunal in Spain delivered a decision on the merits that fall short of resolving the dispute, or a decision has not been made on the merits indoors a period of eighteen

Information Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Information Technology - Coursework ExampleThere are many types of MSD ranging from different types of arthritis, back pain, gout, fibromyalgia among many others. However, another set of MSD cognise as work-related MSD is prevalent since almost all people social function computers for either work or play. The article that was discussed comes from conquest chronicles website that discuss Lateral Epicondylitis, which is commonly cognize as tennis elbow. This type of repetitive stress injury happens when people use their arms and wrist during some motions such as hammering or holding a screwdriver. Nevertheless, people who often use the computer are also susceptible to this RSI because their wrists are constantly resting on the computer table for eagle-eyed hours when typing or playing games in some cases. Hence, tennis elbow is not common only to tennis players but people who constantly use their forearms. A closer look at the anatomy of tennis elbow shows that chronic rotation of the two major muscles (Anconeus and Supinator) which supports the forearms movement results to strain on the tendons in these muscles (orthoinfo. aoos.org). Over time, the tendons suffer from repetitive movements leading to lateral epicondylitis. The result of the Computer Workstations ETool( osha.gov) showed I had twenty-five yes answers, which show that there are some things that must be adjusted to make my workstation more ergonomic.

Final essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

Final - Essay ExampleShe outlines the theme of oppression and power in similar ways. The struggle for power was between the slaves and the owners of plantations who were every bit ruling these slaves (Butler 9). However, the novel also shows the struggle for power between the slaves themselves. The slaves were struggling to be in higher or better ranks of slavery that is, the field-hands slaves were fighting to plump house slaves. This was because the slaves who worked in the whites homes were entitled to proper housing conditions, could eat better foods and were expected to perform less harsh jobs.In her article, Octavia reiterates that in as more than as the slaves had to vie to work as house slaves, working in the whites houses came with many ch all toldenges. These problems were mostly faced by the women who worked there since those roles could mostly be interpreted up by the females. She gives an example of female slaves who reported rape cases within themselves to maintain th eir positions of being house slaves. They never had their personal freedoms with their sexual body and could be inhumanly harassed by their owners. This condition of slavery makes Butler create a portrait of emotional charge showing the cruelty in slavery with all the accuracy in history that she can muster (Butler240).The novel points out the aspect of feminism in the slaves oppression. Dana is an example of the female slaves who went through domination in 1976, having attained only 26 years by the time of enslavement (Butler29). This shows how the most vulnerable of the blacks (the women) were exploited by the whites power since they could not fight for themselves. Dana march on expresses her pain in parenthood stating that she seemed to be the worst possible parent. It felt so demeaning bringing up a child in a society where she felt so inferior (Butler 77).The theme of motherhood in slavery is equally emphasized in the novel.

Discussion 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion 6 - Essay ExampleIn galore(postnominal) societies, the choice of color is seen to tell about ones gender. In the present case, pink is traditionally associated with girls, and therefore seeing the boys nails in pink made some feel that the mother was encouraging a reversal of gender identity. To some, the advertisement appears to encourage our children to choose the genders they feel comfortable in regardless of their gender at birth. Some people believe that boys should behave and act like boys and not the other way round. In terms of the family relationship between gender and power, such reactions indicate that men and women are placed in certain roles based on their gender. The society has developed boundaries that clearly outline the roles of men and women in society, and whenever such boundaries are seen to be crossed, such reactions are common. Women are seen as accommodative and passive while men are truculent and dominating. In the present case for instance, si nce pink color is associated with women, some take offense when the boy paints his nails pink because it appears he is relinquishing his duties or roles as a man and taking up female

A World of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

A World of Art - Essay Exampleb. Post and Lintel This constellation of eddy refers to a simple method that utilizes architrave, header, or lintel as an elongated member over a buildings blank stead that is also supported by two vertical columns at the ends (Sayre, 2007). The point of this method is to bear the weight of the building, or structure that is positioned atop of the openings transpired by doors and windows in a supporting wall. This construction type began with the Neolithic period equal the Stonehedge (Sayre, 2007). c. Arches and Domes Architectural construction like arches and domes are prevalent in Italy, arguably more(prenominal) so than any other country, that were initiated in ancient Rome (Sayre, 2007). They are used as eye-catching construction that also serves a dual mapping in acting as entrances in arches, and the roofs of structures where rain does not catch. An example is the beautiful Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence, Italy. d. Cast Iron This type of construction involves the metal alloy and is the fractured surface of graphite when it flakes due to defects in cracks, and it can be brittle (Sayre, 2007). The fact that it has a low melting point, has machinability as swell as resistance to wear and tear (Sayre, 2007), it is a widely-used material for such things like pipes, especially in the automotive industry. Rust difficult to come by with cast iron materials as well. e. Frames, Steel and Reinforced Concrete Firstly, reinforced concrete is steel reinforcing that is distributed at all stress locations and placed into position to rive to accommodations (Sayre, 2007). Frames are issued along with the steel and concrete to help support buildings as added sturdiness for the structure. An example of such a structure is the Hoover Dam. 2. Frank Lloyd Wright, an American architect, knowing a rural southwestern home in 1935 (Fallingwater, 2011). His inspiration stemmed from waterfalls, surrounding nature, the dramatic appea rance of boulders and rocks as well as ledges in the study in which he built the home (Fallingwater, 2011). Like most architects, he utilized what he enjoyed most about the site and incorporated it into his work. The terms topography and applied science go hand-in-hand when referring to Wrights home Fallingwater for the following reasons Firstly, topography, defined as the art or practice of graphic delineation in detail usually on maps or charts of indispensable and man-made features of a place or object by Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2011), is prevalent in Wrights architecture. He applied technology buried behind-the-scenes like the waterfalls and structural foundation, but overlaid the evidence with a reproduction, a mirror-image of the natural ledges, rocks and boulders that initially inspired him. Secondly, the home itself has to work the same like a normal home with plumbing, running water and heat/electricity. Wright interrelated that with the topography seen in the way t he inside feels like a cave, the ceilings low, the hallways labyrinth-like without linear direction, and how the furniture resembles natural trees and branches (Fallingwater, 2011). 3. The major components of design styles are a. Arts and Crafts This design style consists of hobbies associated with hand-making items with a certain skill (Sayre, 2007). The history of specific craft-items can be somewhat firmly to determine due to the fact that some have been around

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Proposal - Essay ExampleRelying on data from stakeholders in the university is wrong. Instead, they could have focused on the views of employed outsiders who have gradational from the institution. The university does not prep are students fully for the challenges of life as portrayed in the delineation. According to Nathan (2), students need to learn some of the experience on their own rather of relying on academic institutions. It is needed to be motivated and concentrate in studies after watching the video as a student at the university. It is necessary to overlook the challenges that graduates encounter upon completing studies. However, this fails to guarantee that students can accomplish goals. There are discriminatory acts at the institution that makes it difficult for students to concentrate on studies. The video fails to present the existing situation in America when organizations employ graduates who have experience. The video does not highlight issues of the cost in educa tion. The information provided by the institutions concerning information is misleading because students need to take practical lessons to acquire experience necessary to enhance their survival in the competitive world. It is necessary to address the challenges that graduates face upon graduating from universities. ... Additionally, they do not have the skills necessary to handle challenges of the corporate world. The institutions should focus on the practical aspects of academics at the expense of theories. This writing will create awareness concerning students who are aspiring to handle challenges that come with employment. Students are dissatisfied with the programs that they pursue at Houston because the lectures do not meet their expectations. Universities may fail to provide students complete information concerning their expectation after graduating. Besides, administrators tend be subjective in addressing challenges that students face. According to Nathan (232), some of the programs offered at the institution favor specific groups of students. Moreover, the university lacks a feedback channel that determines the boost of their students after graduating. The stakeholders are exaggerating the value of the programs on offer at the University. Lastly, the institution has hidden charges that make life difficult for students. Institutions should conduct research prior to publicize the programs that they offer to the public. Importantly, the administrators should be realistic when explaining to the students the challenges that they are likely to face upon graduating (Choosing Houston 1). This is because experience is important than practical knowledge upon completion of studies. The institution should offer a brief overview of the evaluation criteria that administration employ. This will prepare students psychologically for the challenges that come with studying. Moreover, the university should provide complete information concerning operations at the inst itution. They should emphasize learning on up-to-the-minute affairs by encouraging students to develop entrepreneurial skills

Business Decision Making Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Decision Making Process - Essay ExampleIt is because of this contend that it is often of the essence(predicate) for the higher management to improve upon the decision making process by learning tools and techniques which contribute towards improving the overall effectiveness of the decisions make. It is important to note that decision making and problem solving are often considered as the same however, there are certain subtle differences which need to be taken into account for decision making and problem solving. It is important to understand that decision making takes place at every level of the organization i.e. from pate management of the organization to the operational level and as such magnitude, nature and importance of decision making at each different level differs from each other.This paper will apply the analyses and techniques of business decision making in planning and delivery of the Ashes Test to be played at Cardiff during 2009 providing at least three il lustrations or examples.Business decision making process is quite complex process as it draws upon data from different sources and utilizes them in different demeanor in order to achieve the desired results. In order to make better and more effective decisions, it is therefore important that almost every workable aspect of decision making shall be taken into consideration. Cost and benefit analysis is the major criteria based on which most of the business decisions are made and as such there are different tools and techniques which are used to make decisions more effective.Over the period of time the general theoretical movement behind the business decision making has been based on finding the quantitative aspects of the decision making whereas on the other hand qualitative aspects of decision making were not taken into consideration. (Baker,1981). This focus on the quantitative aspects of decision making has greatly improved the capability of

Do humans need to eat meat to have a healthy diet Essay

Do humans need to eat union to have a healthy diet - Essay ExampleThey may lead incompatible lifestyles that may effect their health beyond issues of diet. Nevertheless, as one study recently put it there is some evidence that including lean meat in weight-loss diets may be advantageous, as high protein intakes may increase satiety and help with appetite regulation . . . (Stanner). When it comes to improving the iron count in womens blood, for example, meat plays a very meaning(a) role. A recent study indicates that compared with a vegetable diet, a meat diet improves iron uptake (Tetens, et al). These are important considerations to take into account when thinking about the role of meat in any diet. There are a plethora of dietary fads out there. many an other(prenominal) people wish to sell their diet to you, but there is little science to support the idea that a meat-based diet is bad. In fact, the evidence points the other way. Meat, in appropriate quantities, has positive he alth effects and should be part of a healthy and balanced diet. Work consulted Stanner, Sara. Red meat facts not fiction. put on Nurse. 34 (2007). Tetens, Inge, et al. The impact of a meat- versus a vegetable-based diet on iron status in women of childbearing age with small iron stores. European diary of Nutrition. 46 (2007) 439445

New Gay Visibility on TV Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Gay Visibility on TV - Article ExampleSince there are several tv set shows that had been focused on stereotyping the very(prenominal) sex relationship, public acceptance of homosexuality becomes a reality. Before 1990, the existence of debate regarding the moral and social issues of homosexuality was controversial topic. Since a lot of heterosexual relationships failed to work, same sex relationships started to become a normal behavior in the United States.Among the well-known television shows that heavily promotes same sex relationship is the sex and the city wherein Samantha who portrayed a character who is willing to experiment on sex including the idea of having sex with a female partner. On the former(a) hand, the show Queer as Folks has been focused on uncovering what it is like living in a fairylike (men) community whereas the L world unfolds the lesbians.Up to the present, the media is still organism used to stereotype homosexual issues as something that is publicly ac cepted. In line with this, the Simpsons continuously promote homosexuality by coming up with the Simpsons gay song, Homer Simpsons gay dance, and Bart portraying as gay (You Tube b, c, d). The movie You Like Dangerous Guys also promoted gay relationship (You Tube e).

Race Relationships in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Race Relationships in US - Essay ExampleThis necessitated former confederates and the southern legislatures to pass laws called black codes, which greatly limited African American rights and segregated them from the whites. In 1877, recontruction was ended when elective parties reclaimed control of the south, which was very devastating for blacks since all the gains they had made such as forming political parties, right to vote rights as well as participation as equal entities were reversed.Thus the south, slowly reinstated laws that were racially discriminating and whose agenda was to segregate as well as disenfranchisement. The Democratic Party started stopping African Americans from voting so as to take away the power African Americans had gained. There were several ways to prevent blacks from voting and they included poll taxes, literacy tests as well as charging of fees at voting booths. Additionally, in 1883, the civil rights case saw the Supreme Court declare that sexual co ngress lacked power to stop private acts of prejudice. The police and legal system supported segregation. Thousands of blacks were murdered by the Ku Klux Klan as well as other terrorists groups such as Knights of White Camellia. Thus prominent black land owners, community leaders as well as politicians. The Jim Crow laws entrenched discrimination. This was a system of tradition and laws that imposed racial discrimination and segregation throughout the US, particularly in the south, beginning from the late 19th century to the 1960s.These laws did not particularly mention race, barely they were written and applied in a manner that prejudiced African Americans. These laws ensured segregation in stores, libraries, entertainment as well as stores. This really fuelled an halo of racial discrimination and there was a rise in rioting, Ku Klux Klan and lynching. Blacks, mostly in south were discriminated against in housing and jobs and frequently deprived of their constitutional

Art And Social Protest During The Vietnam War Research Paper

Art And Social Protest During The Vietnam War - Research Paper Example many an separate(prenominal) participants of these artworks have different ways to essay and pass their message to the targeted people and empower them on different aspects. During war times, people use artwork to demonstrate the injury of other people which they undergo and this helps in easing of the situation or more help coming to the people in need. Most images may reference a certain War event but it serves for any War and artist aim for generic use and information when making these artworks. Pablo Picassos artwork, named after a city in Spain that was a target of terror bomb during the Civil War in Spain. This painting demonstrated the kind of suffering it puts individuals and at most, the innocent people the fame of this art reminds of war tragedies with the symbolization of anti-war and peace. The spread of the artwork throughout the world brought the Spanish War to the attention of the whole world. P icasso neer wanted the painting to reach Spain until democracy and liberty formed, this saw the painting put under a high security with a bomb and firm screens for security purposes. This shows the importance of the painting in the fight against the war. The meanings of Picassos painting vary fit to the interpretation provided. Throughout Picassos career, he used the tomentum and a horse to symbolize different roles since the two are important characters in the Spanish culture. Many victims are visible with some alive and others idle which remains as a historical reminder of the times of war.... This shows the importance of the painting in the fight against war (Matthew 49). The meanings of Picassos painting vary according to the interpretation provided. Throughout Picassos career, he used the bull and a horse to symbolize different roles since the two are important characters in the Spanish culture. In the sculpture, many victims are visible with some alive and others dead whi ch remains as a historical reminder of the times of war. Chaos by the European political unpredictability is visible in the composition of the Picassos painting. The color in the Guernica is black which mostly symbolizes death. Other artists during the time of Picasso who influenced the artwork of anti-war, or the like of Franisco de Goya not only did the artwork on war but also in a bullfight. The whole scene takes place within a room with one open end and a bull over a woman mourning for a dead child and some other hidden images. A light bulb to represent the sun and a broken sword to represent defeat are visible in the painting by Picasso known as Guernica (Shabi 12). Schneemann held a performance snows to protest the famous Vietnam War with a focus in values on flesh and this brought tender fraught in politics. Schneemann participated in the New York City festival during the week of Angry Arts, which involved many performances and events from many artists in protest of the famo us war. Her initiation shows the ambivalence of emotionally charged photos, which suggests uncertainty in the information overlaid and passing strategy. She also uses a film that she demonstrates the misuse of people in wars and the results of war. These artworks show that Schneemann was among the protestors

Request for Proposal Essay Example for Free

Request for Proposal EssayIntroduction/General Overview of the RFP The Proposal pull up stakes be aimed at inviting trainers to submit a proposal for the opportwholey to train our staff on the use of Microsoft duty through a competitive and rigorous bidding process. Bidding has proved to be the best way to get the best vendors for this form of pedagogy since it pass on leverage the companys purchasing power and negotiating ability with suppliers (Porter-Roth, 2001). Farmers Insurance host is the company requesting the proposals. The company is looking for trainers to properly train new employees on the use of Microsoft office Applications proficiently which include Word, Excel, and business leader Point Applications. The training testament to a fault require some basic training on software and the computers.Organizational Overview For more than eight decades, Farmers has been helping Americans get back where they belong laterwards lifes unexpected events. Our story bega n with the simple goal of insuring the vehicles of rural farmers, but as the world changed, so did we. Our co-founder John C. Tyler once said, The measure of our worth is not what we digest done for ourselves, but what we have done for others. Farmers agents, district managers and employees shed light on up what we call the Farmers Family, and as a family were proud to conk back to our communities. (Farmers.com)Course Description The course will include the basic training of employees and staff on the use of Microsoft office programs. Before training the employees will take training for the basics on computer software and hardware as well as the basics for computer trading operations such as hardware maintenance and software installation.Requirements for the Project The project is basically gong to involve the training of new consulting agents in the use of Microsoft Office Programs. The requirements for the course are divided in these units.Introduction to Computer Operations T his section will introduce the general operations and concepts in order to make the staff proficient in the use of computers. It will also introduce the staff to general software and hardware.Microsoft Word Proficiency This part of the training will train on the concepts of word processing and finally get into Microsoft Word, which is efficient and effective word processing software. A tutorial may be requisite for the students to follow before and after class. The tutorial will include practice exercises, remedial strategies, as well as revision questions. A clear verbalise system will also be required for the students to properly communicate well with their instructors (Bott, 1996).Microsoft Excel Proficiency In this unit of training the students will choose the concepts of spreadsheet management with an emphasis on Microsoft Excel. It will also include the software for insurance sales management. There will be a number of discernment test and final examination at the end of t he training. There will be a number of practical exercises to help with the mastery of the concepts in the package.Power Point Proficiency This unit of the course will help to equip the students with presentation skills with an emphasis on Microsoft Power Point. The training will include micro-projects for the students to take, which will be aimed at the various aspects of the software. These micro-projects will form the major part of the continuous assessment, with the final examination forming a much smaller percentage (Bott, 1996).scrutiny and Testing At the end of the training the students will be examined and tested on each course to establish their mastery of the program. Although the Power Point unit will require a digital projector for the final examination.Electronic Reference Library The library will serve as a reference after the training has been completed. The library will include a word search capability and hypertext.User Documentation This section will explain and pr ovide development on use and maintenance, applications and programs, and installation. This will be for the maintenance and installation for the application package suite and the operating system.Proposal Submission Deadline All proposals should be true no later than August 1, 2012. Any proposal received after this date will not be considered.Submission Instructions The proposal should also include a technical section and a time cost section. The time cost section should include the vendors time prorogue to have the project completed. The technical section should include information such as required staff, timelines, and schedules to have the project completed.

Women of Jazz Essay Example for Free

Women of Jazz EssayI consultationed a girl that lives close to me. She explained her extravagantly school story to me, involving friends, family, peers, bullies, and boys. The interview was done as if it were only 2 race talk of the town because I didnt want her to feel any pressure. She explained what it was c ar going done puberty by herself, without the help of anyone. How the first two years of high school were and how she disliked it. How afterward she came back from her summer after sophomore year, she had no problems with anyone and explained how she had a boyfriend for a while. The girl I interviewed relates to plenty of topics that were discussed in the class like, self-esteem, peers, popularity, groups, bullies, family and sexuality. I interviewed an adolescent that lived very close to me. She is a senior in High School, getting ready for Prom and every last(predicate) the gambol senior privileges she is able to do. She is a continuous girl going through with (predicate) a regular life in High School. She does well in school, never got in trouble. The way I interviewed her, was not based on a question and answer character of an interview.I listened to what she had to tell me about her life. She talked about friends, family, school, and boys. She started off telling me about how she dealt with going through puberty she said that she went through it alone. When she first received her period, she figured out everything herself without having her moms or doctors help. This shows a intellect of autonomy and how she expressed a sense of independence where she figured out what was going on with her body by using sources like the internet. She then mentioned her struggled with her slant.She told me that she wanted to be skinny like all of the another(prenominal) girls at school, and the women she saw in magazines and T. V. shows. She tried to starve herself to get skinny and ended up in the hospital. She then decided to lose weight more effi ciently by eating healthy and working out. She do social comparisons about herself to the other girls in her high school and the women she idolized in magazines and T. V. shows. She then talked about the first base of high school and how she only had a very few handful of friends, mostly tended to be girls.This is due to The Sex cleavage girls hang out with girls and boys, with boys (Feldman, 2008). But as adolescents get older, hormones kick in and they being to find the paired sex attractive and want to be friends with the opposite sex. She went on talking about the popular kids mostly guys that would make fun of her because she was not part of their clique or not cool enough to be their friends. As an adolescent, friends argon a very important to have. But she had to deal with male that were not trying to be her friend, but were bullies towards her which lowered her self-esteem unconstipated more (Feldman, 2008).They bullied her because she was not popular this type of an ad olescent is referred to as rejected adolescent (Feldman, 2008). A rejected adolescent is someone that has very few friends, doesnt really shut away in social activities and more likely to feel lonely. Bullying is a common experience for many children and adolescents. Surveys indicate that as many as half of all children are bullied at some time during their school years, and at least 10% are bullied on a regular basis (Feldman, 2008). She told me that when she went back to school for her junior year, no body made fun of her.She explained it as if she had blossomed and thats why no one made fun of her. She seemed please when she told me. This type of an adolescent if known to be a popular adolescent, these adolescence have more friends, are liked by most people and dont feel lonely at all due to the fact they have a lot of friends (Feldman, 2008). She hadnt had a problem until her beginning of senior year. There were two rumors that were spread around the high school about her. Thes e two rumors did not affect her she stated while telling the event.Her rude(a) popularity status gave her the confidence boost to not let the rumors affect her and not bring her down. She discovered her identity, and embraced it. She then on went about her family. She grew up in a strict family home were her parents were not born in America, but from Poland like myself. She said that they were very strict with what she could and could not do. She had a strict curfew also, she was basically locked up and was not allowed to do things her friends could do. They were using an Authoritarian parenting style (Feldman, 2008). Their relationship with a child is where the parents word is law.Authoritarian parents do not engage in discussions with their teen and family rules and standards are not debated. But when she turned 18 they gave her more freedom, she was allowed to stay out later, go to parties, and do pretty much what her friends did. This type of parenting style is known as Authori tative, were the parents and somewhat strict, but let the adolescent have a sense of independence (Feldman, 2008). Authoritative parents engage in discussions and debates with their adolescent, although ultimate responsibility reside with the parent (Kroger, 2004).Research demonstrates that adolescents of authoritative parents learn how to negotiate and engage in discussions. They understand that their opinions are valued. As a result, they are more likely to be socially competent, responsible, and autonomous Authoritarian parents believe the adolescent should accept, without question, the rules and practices that they establish (Kroger, 2004). Research reveals that adolescents of authoritarian parents learn that following parental rules and audience to strict discipline is valued over independent behavior.As a result, adolescents may become rebellious or dependent. The adolescence which becomes rebellious might display assertive behaviors. Adolescents who are more submissive tend to remain dependent on their parents (Kroger, 2004). She talked about her friends and how she didnt have any problems with them. She stayed friends with the people that had the same interests as her and hadnt changed her friends throughout high school. She was part of her own crowd that did not do any illegal or violent things to themselves or other people.She went on talking about how other kids were acting, doing drugs, and having sex, drinking alcohol, doing everything they can just to make them seem like their cool doing these adult things. Adolescence always wants to try to be like their peers . During adolescence, they are looking for ways to separate from their families and begin to define themselves as individuals. To define their individualism, they turn to friends for guidance and direction (Kroger, 2004). They tend to mimic their peers behaviors and tax return up the same attitudes.Conforming to social norms helps them redefine themselves while earning them acceptance a nd approval. For adolescence, fitting in to the crown makes them feels good and wanted by someone other than their parents (Kroger, 2004). The final topic which she brought up was her sexuality. She had only one boyfriend, the summer after her sophomore year up until the spring of junior year. She said that they were in shaft and both were happy with one another, but then school got in the way so they broke up. She went through depression and did end up pain in the ass herself.She had her parents to help her through it. She told me that they will always have a special connection whenever their together because they love each other. She had a type of bonding on this boy. She also mentioned that she was also sexually active. She was part of the 80% of adolescence having sex before being 20 years old (Feldman, 2008). She made her way through Sternbergs theory of love up to passion, but didnt reach commitment due to the fact that they broke up. She hadnt mentioned sexual orientation, but made a comment of experimenting at a party once.She also falls into the 10% of girls experimenting with the same sex (Feldman, 2008). From my interview, it showed that an average adolescent does interact with the problems learned in class. She had self-esteem issues, strict parents, being bullied and not fitting in with the popular crowd. From the outside, a stranger would think that there would have been nothing ever price with her, but talking about her made me think if I was the same way during high school. Makes me wonder did I go through the same problems. My interview helped me understand more about adolescence and how they go about their lives as adolescence.

Marketing Philosophy Essay Example for Free

trade Philosophy EssayEfforts of reviewing and modelling market placeplace elements, constructs and philosophical attitudes were numerous and effective. But with new ch eachenges causing hurdles in making merchandise function to a greater extent than effective on macro- and micro- level of the economy, a revision of selling ism is al elans at place. Elements of trade philosophyDibb and Simkin (2004) Lancaster and Reynolds (2005) Blythe (2005) Drummond and Ensor (2005) Morgan (1996) 1. Production taste course 2. Financial orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. market orientation 5. client orientation 6. Competitor orientation 7. Inter operational Coordination 1. Production orientation 2. Sales orientation 3. merchandise orientation 1. Production orientation 2. Product orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Customer orientation 5. Societal trade 6. Relationship Marketing 1. Production orientation 2. Product orientation 3. Sales orientation 4. Financial orientation 5. M arketing Orientation 1. Cost philosophy 2. Product philosophy 3. Production philosophy 4. Sales philosophy 5. Erratic philosophy 6. Marketing philosophy 7. Social trade philosophyAs indicated in Table 1, authors tend to use different stipulations for the elements of market philosophy a) orientation (Dibb and Simkin, 2004 Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005 Blythe, 2005 Drummond and Ensor, 2005) b) philosophy (Morgan, 1996)c) judgment (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008).Even the Lithuanian authors, who wrote the runner university apply on marketing, professors Pranulis, Pajuodis, Virvilaite and Urbonavicius (1999, 2000 and 2008) have apply the Lithuanian counterpart word orientation. Following this broad tendency of the term orientation usage, here, in this article, the option of the orientation term will be applied. The re presentlyned American professors Kotler and Armstrong (2008, pp.9-12) indicated that their choice of marketing management orientations were as follows* the convergen ceion conception,* the product concept,* the selling concept,* the marketing concept.* the mixer marketing concept.A correspondent opinion was expressed by a group of Lithuanian marketing professors, where they classified marketing orientations as follows (Pranulis et al., 1999, 2000) a) production orientation, b) product orientation, c) selling orientation, d) marketing orientation e) sociableethical marketing orientation. Because of the difficulty of incorporating all the divers(a) facets of marketing into a single definition, Lancaster and Reynolds (2005) distinguished features of the subject in the following statements (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005, p.16) Marketing is dynamic and operational, requiring action as well as planning. Marketing requires an improved form of blood organisation, although this on its own is non enough. Marketing is an important functional bea of management, often based in a single physical location. More importantly, it is an overall business p hilosophy that should be adopted by everybody in the entire organisation. The marketing concept states that the identification, satiscircumstanceion and retention of customers is the key to long-term survival and prosperity. Marketing involves planning and control. The principle of marketing states that all business decisions should be made with primary consideration of customer requirements. Marketing focusinges attention from production towards the needfully and wants of the market place. Marketing is concerned with obtaining apprize from the market by fling items of value to the market. It does this by producing goods and services that satisfy the genuine involve and wants of detailally defined target markets. The distinguishing feature of a marketing orientated organisation is the way in which it strives to provide customer satisfaction as a way of achieving its own business objectives. The author of the article proposes the following perception on the miscellany of ma rketing orientations, which constitute the marketing philosophy essence1) the production orientation,2) the product orientation,3) the financial orientation,4) the selling orientation,5) the marketing orientation,6) the market orientation (which extends to internal and external orientations),7) the kindly-ethical marketing orientation,8) the holistic marketing orientation (which extends to internal marketing orientation, integrated marketing orientation, social marketing orientation relationship marketing orientation). The holistic marketing concept was proposed by Kotler and Keller (2007) unless it was non mentioned or wider discussed in the textbook of Principles of Marketing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), but introduced in their co-operative book on Marketing Management (2007). For this reason, it is viable to imply this new orientation in the proposed model (Figure 3), as it integrated at least four other sub-orientations a) internal marketing orientation, b) integrated marke ting orientation, c) social marketing orientation and d) relationship marketing orientation.Internal marketing orientation will be directly dealing with a Marketing Department in spite of appearance an organisation. It will directly subordinate to the senior management level and other organisational department, emphasising the organisational culture and micro-climate, suitable for effective work and success factors in marketing performance. coordinated marketing orientation would focus towards integrated marketing communications, the cost-effective selection of marketing channels and integrated development of products and services within the scope, entreat and challenges of the national and international markets.Social marketing orientation would be focusing on the concept of societal marketing proposed by Kotler and Armstrong (2008), where the basic societal marketing triplicity is based on the well-being of the community, incorporating the corporate social accountability of c ompanies and non-profit organisations, legal issues and environsal protection issues, which altogether streamline the sustainable development of the economy and exercise patterns. Relationship marketing orientation would be concerned with fostering the customercompany relationship with consumers, offering value added products and services.This orientation will also foster the company-partner company (B2B) relationship, want trust and reliability in partner selection process and its maintenance for coming years. Therefore, marketing channels should be effectively developed to reduce cost and enhance profitability ratios for all three market participants a) producers, b) distributors and sellers, c) consumers. The market orientation is proposed to be grouped as internal and external orientations. Though Narver and Slater (1990) proposed a model that identified the components of market orientation as Customer orientation, which incorporates customers perceptions and under give birt hing by customers creating value, offering cost-effective solutions to satisfy their needs. Competitor orientation emphasises one of the marketings functions, i.e., to seek competitive advantage in the market. Competitor analysis, performed in variant techniques (e.g. PESTED analysis, Porters forces analysis, Boston matrix analysis, etc.), gives a company tools to objectively evaluate competitors capabilities and results on the market. Organizational culture if analysed on an individual basis could be either included into market orientation factor or in the holistic marketing orientation, depending how integrative the marketing philosophy is on an organisational level.Organisational culture should support customer service and customer relationship development throughemployee performance prism. Interfunctional coordination should focus on the interaction among internal functional areas of the organization which best serve customer need and satisfaction, which in other cases would correspond to the relationship marketing orientation (Kotler and Keller, 2007). Long-term focus would incorporate the consideration of how the above can be sustained, and financially viable, over the long term.In this paper the proposition by Drummond et al (2000) is closer to the authors perception of market orientation, therefore the constituent parts of the market orientation are considered to be the balance betweena) External market orientation customers, competitors and other external stakeholders. b) Internal market orientation employees and other internal stakeholders.Marketing OrientationThe term marketing is used extensively in modern life. If you stop someone in the street and ask them what it means, they will probably use words like advertising, market research and a modern word for selling. In fact, marketing is a lot more than exclusively selling, advertising and research, although all of these functions are important aspects of marketing.The Chartered Lrstitute of Marketing in the UK defines marketing as follows Marketing is the management process which identifies, anticipates, and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably. So what is marketing orientation? In the next sections we shall explore this. start-off we will consider what it means for an organisation to adopt a marketing-based business philosophy. We shall then consider the evolution of the marketing concept and look at how marketing orientation has influenced organizational structures in business.An Overview of a Marketing-based Business PhilosophyThe points below describe marketing and its role in a marketing based business philosophy. We shall then go on to consider a marketing-based philosophy in more detail. * Marketing is a management process, and the support of management for the marketing concept is a key element in its success. Today, a company has to be marketing orientated if it is to be successful. * Marketing is involved with identifying customer requir ements usually with market research. * We have to consider current needs and anticipate the requirements of the customer in the future. This requires planning a very important aspect of the marketing process. The satisfaction of the needs will require the supplier to provide benefits the right market offering at the right place at the right m.* Truly market-driven companies adopt strategic level marketing, where marketing has a key role in defining the long-term objectives and mission of the company. In this way, a strategic framework is established whereby the customer is laid at the centre of the organisations activities. * Marketing is not unspoiled for profit-making companies. Marketing is for any organisation that has customers, and that includes charities and government bodies.Very many selling jobs in fact are in non-profit-making organisations, although very often the people who have those jobs would not think of themselves as salespeople Marketing is a business philos ophy, the process accountable for anticipating, identifying and satisfying customer current and future needs. The marketing philosophy developed out of the need by producer manufacturers, whose focus was on efficient production, to struggle more effectively in their markets.They turned their attention away from mass production at lowest unit cost to try to anticipate the limited needs of customers and produce products/services whose benefits would satisfy those needs. Marketing is sometimes referred to as a pull strategy. The principle is that we understand customer needs and produce products or services, which meet those needs through specific benefits. Customers will want to purchase products or services, which they perceive as meeting their needs and wants.Literature review on marketing challenges in the new millennium The precondition, which fostered to review the challenges for the marketing in the new millennium, was the statements in various forms and shapes, which appeare d during the past decade in text books, social networks, media and social forums. The selection of disturbing statements were selected and presented here for the discussion. The biased perception of marketing functions and orientations at the dawn of the new millennium is not compelling. Traditional (conventional) marketing is envisioned as a dead function, notwithstanding the critics of modern marketing practice.The critics bring up the issues of lost customers, mass marketing and viral marketing. Therefore, a more native change for marketing is at stake towards a more personal touch in the field, as well emphasised by Spellings (2009). Boynett and Boynett (2003) in their book on The Guru Guide to Marketing A Concise Guide to the Best Ideas from Todays Top Marketers have also identified a summate of citations, which question the future of marketing and its conventional functionality. It is apparent that marketing is becoming a multi-disciplinary theory, which inevitably incorpo rates postmodern aspects of the markets and intake patterns and consumer behaviour. Selected statements on the death of traditional marketing in the new millennium Authors/sources StatementsBoyett and Boyett (2003, p.1) Death-of-marketing gurus rationalize their hyperbole by explaining that marketing is in the throes of fundamental change. World of DTC Marketing (2008) Conventional marketing is dead Bishop (2009) Marketing is dead long live marketing Attracting consumers in the post-mass marketing era Big Marketing Ideas (2009) The reason we say viral marketing is dead is not because content no longer spreads in the same way quite the contrary. But the idea that you could create a flash game or a funny video and expect it to get a million hits and downloads within a week is now patently nave. Wymore (2009) Forget direct mail, picture advertising, and other mass media marketing. They just dont work anymore. Traditional marketing is dead. In other words, these marketing chestnuts s imply dont stand out in todays noisy media market. Spellings (2009) Mass Marketing is Dead. Make Way For Personal Marketing The days of mass marketing are coming to an end as we enter a new era of personal marketing. Personal marketing will require more work, more preparation, and smarter implementation, but the rewards will be vastly better than the mass marketing approach.Selected marketing challenges in the new millenniumSutton and Klein (2003) Blythe (2005) Kashani (2005) Brown (2008) Kotler and Armstrong (2008) Bishop (2009) Increasing market complexity Accelerating demand for vivify to market Growing need to capture marketing knowledge Increasing availability of innovative marketing technologies Escalating demand for marketing efficiency and military strength Relationship marketing development Service quality enhancement Internet marketing development Marketing ethics Marketing strategy revisited Commoditisation (change in technologies, more informed customer, more intense competition) Consolidation(mergers acquisitions) Power shift Margin erosion Value focus Postmodern challenges Hyperreality Fragmentation Reversed production and consumption Decentred subjects collocation of opposites The new digital age Rapid globalisation The call for more ethics and social responsibility Growth of non-profit marketing Aggressive innovations Building a strong value proposition Engagement and connection to the customer Delivering customer experiences at or above expectationsIt could be generalised that marketing in the twenty- inaugural century presents many new postmodern challenges (see Table 3) shrinking markets, which in effect implies fragmentation and decentralised subjects (Brown, 2008), followed by increasing market complexity (Sutton and Klein, 2003) and market globalisation (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) green issues (Blythe, 2005), more marketing ethics (Blythe, 2005 Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) and social responsibility (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008) marketing strategy revisited (Blythe, 2005) through accelerating the demand for marketing efficiency and effectiveness (Sutton and Klein, 2003) and speed to market (Sutton and Klein, 2003), and aggressive innovations (Bishop, 2009) advancements in technologies in the digital age (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), including Internet, commoditisation (Kashani, 2005), communications (Bishop, 2009), internet marketing development (Blythe, 2005), increasing availability of innovative marketing technologies (Sutton and Klein, 2003) net and connection to the customer (Bishop, 2009), through service quality enhancement (Blythe, 2005), delivering customer experiences at or above expectations (Bishop, 2009), rapidly changing public attitudes towards consumption (Sutton and Klein, 2003) mental synthesis a strong value proposition (Bishop, 2009) through growing need to capture marketing knowledge (Sutton and Klein, 2003), power shift (Kashani, 2005) and reversed production and consumption (Brown, 2008).Therefore, marketers are facing the re-evaluation of marketing strategy, applying new tools and sophisticated techniques in the new millennium, where changes are of a constant nature. Ultimately, the firms who take the greatest care of their customers interests are the ones closely likely to maintain their competitive edge in a cut-throat world (Blythe, 2005 p.332). The case of coffee bars applying marketing orientations and marketing challenges in the new millennium. In practice, each company selects business and marketing philosophy which suits it best. The decision depends on the companys type, size, products and services it produces, distributes and sells and etc. In order to apply marketing orientations and marketing challenges to a practical situation, two companies in coffee bars sector a) an international company STARBUCKS (the USA) andb) a national company COFFEE inn (Lithuania).Their briefs and marketing philosophies will be discussed bellow .The case of Starbucks (the USA)Probably one of the most famous brands in the United States and now in the whole world, reflecting the specific lifestyle of the few generations, is definitely Starbucks. Starbucks is the largest coffee-house company in the world, offering a wide range of various coffees, hot and cold coffee and non-coffee drinks, sandwiches and sweet snacks. Founded in 1979, only as a coffee bean retailer Starbucks became a coffee-house selling coffee drinks as well as beans, when its present headmaster Howard Schultz came in and bought the company from its former owners in 1987. Since then, an extraordinary quick expansion in the Unites States, and from 1996 in the whole world, has begun. Now, Starbucks owns approximately 16 000 stores in the world and announces about initiation 900 new stores outside United States in 2009 (on the other hand, Starbucks is closing the same amount of stores in the United States) (www.strabucks.com).It is obvious, that such a well-fa vored success would be impossible without well selected and formulated marketing philosophy. As one of the most innovative companies in the world Starbucks has chosen social-ethical marketing orientation and declares care for the environment and common wealth as well as for people. The main idea of their philosophy is defined in the Starbucks mission statement. Starbucks has two mission statements which are placed in the official companys website To inspire and nurture human spirit one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time and Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business (www.strabucks.com). Social-ethical marketing orientation is getting a trendy buzz word, as environmental and ecological problems are on the increase.Some years ago Starbucks was criticised for wasting resources by using paper and plastic cups, for wasting water and even off funding Israel army (Vitkus, 2009). Now this company is shown as the best example o f environmental friendly business in the business schools around the world. Starbucks announces its corporate social responsibility Annual reports for the public here the company describes their attention to the employees, customers and the environment, manifesting marketing orientation, marketorientation and holistic marketing orientation. They started to use cups from recycled paper or biodegradable plastic. Social responsibility is also emphasised in their coffee-bars design, posters and various promotional campaigns (the integrated marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). jibe to Pranulis et al (2008), the main idea of marketing orientation is to create the circle of loyal clients rather than one-time buyers. Starbucks could be called a champion in this field too. The chairman of Starbucks Howard Schultz explains, that a person gets more than just coffee when he/she visits Starbucks he gets great people, first-rate music and a comfortable and upbeat mee ting place (www.strabucks.com). Thats why people all around the world are willing to pay for coffee more than in other coffee-bars they buy and experience, not a drink (the selling orientation). According to Howard Schultz, Starbucks build personal relationships with each of their customers (this implies the relationship marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation).Even the waiters at Starbucks are called baristas to run them feel exceptional and regal about their workplace, not to feel just simple service workers (internal marketing sub-orientation in the holistic marketing orientation). Another core element of marketing concept (Pranulis et al., 2008, Kotler and Keller, 2007) is to appeal to customers needs. Starbucks does everything to achieve its costumers satisfaction. They were the first who offered free internet at their coffee-bars and started to open the stores 10 minutes before the actual opening time just to make customers always feel welcome and ha ppy.Viral marketing has also become one of the most important features of Starbucks. You can hardly find and advertisement in any newspaper or marketplace, but they build extremely strong relationships by using social networks, internet and mouth-to-mouth marketing, which means Starbucks meets the marketing challenges of a) the digital age, b) value proposition, c) connecting to customers, d) corporate social responsibility, e) green issues and f) overall revised marketing strategy, g) market shrinking factors (as Starbucks was forced to close down 600 coffee-bars in the USA during the economic retardant (Milasius, 2008)). The case of coffee bean guild (Lithuania)The other company selected for a comparative study is a national company, located only in Lithuania. Coffee gild is a coffee-bars chain opened a few years ago in Vilnius, the capital city of the country. Started from just one coffee-bar, Coffee Inn now owns 7 coffee-bars in Vilnius and one in Kaunas in 2007 (Vaitiekunien e, 2007). At first, Coffee Inn came into the market with the same concept as Starbucks did. It sells coffee and various coffee drinks, served in paper cups, sandwiches and desserts in small, cosy coffee-bars, located in the city centre. The main difference between Starbucks and Coffee Inn is that Starbucks is a big global company (the globalisation challenge) and can afford applying social-ethical marketing orientation, while Coffee Inn is still too small to afford huge investments for various socialprojects and campaigns and it has chosen the marketing orientation.However, Coffee Inn expands constantly, therefore, sooner or later this company will also apply social-ethical marketing oreintation (now Coffee Inn supports various cultural festivals, such as cultural night Tebnie naktis, or Street music day, not financially, but by helping to promote them, or by prolonging their opening hours during these festivals). The main idea, the co-owner of Coffee Inn Nidas Kiuberis explains, is that they sell a feeling of pleasure rather than just a cup of coffee (Obcarskaite, 2009). It seems extremely similar to Starbucks idea. The waiters are called baristas too, Coffee Inn also offers free internet access and their menu is quite similar to Starbucks one. Lithuanians sometimes even claim that Coffee Inn tries to copy Starbucks.On the other hand, there are a lot of cafeterias offering similar facilities (e.g., Vero Cafe, Double Coffee and etc.), and Coffee Inn is not an exception. However, Coffee Inn is a lot smaller as coffee-bars chain than Starbucks and for this reason it is much easier to control it. Being small enables Coffee Inn to be more flexible and to react to customers demands and wants quicker and to create new demands and wants at the same time (marketing orientation). Coffee Inn constantly offers new drinks, snacks and other features (product orientation). They were one of the first who invited customers to come together with their pets, set free book colle ction and invited everyone to come to read or to donate a book (the communication challenge).While talking about customers loyalty, new technologies play an important part here too (the technological challenge) Coffee Inn keeps exceptionally close relationships with its customers using Facebook social network, written material the blog and honestly replying to all the letters and comments. The co-owner Nidas Kiuberis maintains the Coffee Inn blog himself this is very important, as customers notice, that director of the company itself pays attention to their opinion (Milasius, 2008).Nidas Kiuberis explains, they are following guerilla marketing ideas, because it is the best solution for a small business without large budget, where creativity and energy are the most important things (Obcarskaite, 2009). Viral marketing and personal blog writing costs nothing and gives better results, than advertisement on TV your loyalty for customers loyalty, these are the things every company see ks, especially in a crisis time (Obcarskaite, 2009). As a result, Coffee Inn has created a steady circle of loyal customers, who are indifferent to similar competitors, such as Vero Cafe, offers.The Evolution of the Marketing ConceptMarketing is basically about anticipating and serving customer needs, but where does the concept come from? In fact, even though the term marketing quite modern, the idea of customer orientation is as old as trade itself. For example, if we looked at a pre-Industrial Revolution village, we would see a tally of trades-people such as the blacksmith at work. These people provided the villagers with what they wanted. There was no question of producing large volumes of goods and assuming that people would take them. Everything was made to order the customer had needs and the supplier met them.ConclusionsIn the changing market environment with changing customer behaviour and seeking business opportunities, companies face marketing challenges on a workaday b asis. In the process of theoretical research, a modified model of marketing orientations, which form the marketing philosophy, was proposed, comprising eight major orientations, where market orientation and the holistic marketing orientation are split into further sub-orientations.The other task for the author was to review and structure marketing challenges in the new millennium and test these issues in two cases of coffee-bars sector on international (Starbucks) and national (Coffee Inn in Lithuania) markets. Starbucks and Coffee Inn both follow similar marketing orientations. Starbucks follows social-ethical marketing orientation as a basis of business, while Coffee Inn is being still guided by the marketing orientation.Both companies sell an experience, rather than just coffee and image is very important for the customers of these companies as they are mainly young people (20-40 years of age, Miksys, 2008). Both companies use viral marketing techniques, though Coffee Inn can cre ate closer relationships with its customers, because it is able to react to changes quicker. Loyal customers could be called the biggest strength and competitive advantage of these companies as they do not compete on price, just by creating exceptional atmosphere.